Conquistadors
Which famous Conquistador conquered the Aztec Empire of Mexico?
Hernán Cortés
The early American Indian civilizations of Mexico and Peru were based on which agricultural product?
Corn/Maize
What agricultural product did Europeans export from tropical areas such as the Caribbean?
Sugar Cane
What is the transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn, potatoes, horses, potatoes, and sugar cane called?
The Columbia Exchange
What was the main cause of the exposed land bridge connecting Eurasia to North America?
Much of the water in the oceans congealed into vast glacial packs.
[Can reference Ice Age in some capcaity]
How did the Spanish justify their claim to land in the New World?
[Any of the following are acceptable answers]
Believing that their culture was superior to that of the Indians. A missionary zeal. A decree from the Pope.
How could one describe Native North Americans political and social structures prior to the arrival of Columbus in 1492?
They had wide variety of social and political structures based on the region they were located
[Wide array, highly diverse]
What does the Black Legend describe?
[Answer should reflect the following idea]
Spain was a uniquely brutal colonizer.
The major reason that western Europe engaged in explorations in the fifteenth century was…
To expand trade with the non-Christian world.
What type of ecological system best describes the Midwest of the United States and name two major tribal groups that lived in this region?
Great Plains
(Crow, Sioux, Cheyenne, Pawnee, Comanche, and/or Arapaho)
Which famous Conquistador conquered the Incas of Peru?
Francisco Pizarro
Which theory best describes the spread of maize as a staple crop through the Native American population?
Maize was first developed in the region that is now Mexico and spread through the Americas in a slow and uneven process.
Spanish Monk Bartolome de Las Casas believed that the Encomienda system was…
Was a barbaric practice that dehumanized natives populations and allowed for cruelty
How did the French's interactions with the Native American groups they encountered differ from those of Spain and Portugal?
The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society.
Attempted to work with the people groups rather than conquer them.
What type of ecological system best describes the Southeast of the United States and name two major tribal groups that lived in this region?
Eastern Temperate Forests
(Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Natchez, and/or Seminole)
Which Conquistador landed in Florida but later disappeared at sea trying to return to the Spanish colonies in Spain?
Juan Ponce de León
What was the foundation for the prosperous Native American societies in Mexico, Peru, and the Mississippi River Valley?
A strong agricultural system that relied on crops such as maize, beans, & squash
What did many Natives Americans do when Europeans first made contact with them?
They tried to use the Europeans as a means to enhance their standing with other Native Americans tribal groups
How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans?
The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization.
What type of ecological system best describes the Northeast of the United States and name two major tribal groups that lived in this region?
Northern Forests and Eastern Temperate Forests
(Abenaki, Massachuset, Pequot, Iroquois, Lenape, Miami, Shawnee, and/or Powhatan)
Which Conquistador landed off the coast of Texas and lived with the Native people groups who lived there for eight years before returning to Spain?
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
What tribal group, located in the Northeast of the United States, was also known as the "Five Nations"?
The Iroquois Confederation
What were some of the negative results of the exploration and discovery era? (Name at least 2)
Warfare, slavery, and disease killed millions of Indians.
Many plants native to the Americas were displaced by European imports.
Millions of Africans were enslaved and transported to other parts of the world.
European animals overran American rivals.
What two major historical events in Spain functioned as catalysts to allow for the exploration and colonization of the Americas?
1. The Reconquista - reconquering of Spain by the Catholics from the Muslims
2. The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella - helped to financially and political reunify Spain
What type of ecological system best describes the Southwest of the United States and name two major tribal groups that lived in this region?
North American Desert and Temperate Sierra
(Navajo, Apache, and/or Pueblo)