Native Americans pre-conquest
Name the conquistador who conquered the Aztecs in 1519.
Hernan Cortez
The transmission and interchange of plants, animals, diseases, cultures, human populations, and technologies between the New World and Old World.
Columbian Exchange
First English colony in the New World; Failed
Roanoke
Term referring to person of mixed Spanish and Native American descent
Mestizo
Event during 15th century that encouraged greater thought in the arts and sciences, led to more centralized political authority
Renaissance
Bering Strait
European Power who preferred trade with the Native Americans rather than settlement or conquest
France
First permanent British Colony in the Americas founded. After turmoil and winters known as“ Starving Time “ It survived by growing tobacco with the leadership of John Smith and John Rolfe.
Jamestown
System in which Indians provided land owners with labor tribute in exchange for legal protection and religious guidance. Native Americans frequently exploited and treated harshly.
Encomienda System
Religious Event started by Martin Luther that caused great conflict and division between nations in Europe, split between France and Spain, and England
Protestant Reformation
Tribe in Central Mexico, Capital city of Tenochitlan, performed human sacrifice rituals.
Aztec
Perhaps the worst trade of the Columbian Exchange, this specific thing killed far more Native Americans than guns or steel.
Smallpox
The collective name for two joint stock companies who sponsored the English settlement in the Chesepeake area.
Virginia Company
Author of Historia de las Indias, questioned the legitimacy of Spain's conquest and fought for better treatment of Native Americans.
Bartolome de las Casas
Event in Spain caused by the marriage of fervent Catholics Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille, led to unification of Spain and removal of Muslims and Jews from Iberia
Reconquista, Spanish Inquisition
What were the three stable crops that many native tribes in North America used? Name 2 of 3
Beans Corn and Squash
One of three specific crops from New World that revolutionized farming and life in Europe
Corn, Potatoes, Tomatoes
Treaty declared by pope that splits the world into Spanish and Portuguese zones of influence.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Supporter of the Harsh Treatment of Native Americans by Spain. Wrote Just Causes of War Against the Indians
Juan de Sepulveda
Event from which Spain never fully recovered; failed invasion of England by Phillip II in attempt to return the country to Catholicism, 1588
Sinking of the Spanish Armada (Invincible Armada)
This consisted of five tribes occupying northern New York . These tribes served as an example of political and military organization between distinct communities in the Americas.
What is the Iroquois Confederacy
Italian explorer and cartographer while on his 1499-1502 trip along the South American coast determined that the new world was a distinct continent from Asia.
Amerigo Vespucci
He joined Spanish explorations of the New World for social mobility. After arriving in Panama, he captured the Incan emperor Atahualpa, then conquered the capital located in modern-day Peru.
Francisco Pizarro
A blend between European and Native American cultures. In 1531, a newly converted Christian reported visions of a Holy woman of obvious Indian ancestry.
Virgin of Guadalupe
Catholic Priest Bartolmé De Las Casas and Spanish philosopher, Juan de Sepúlveda debated over the morality of slavery. De Las Casas defended the natives, while Sepúlveda argued for the encomienda system.
Valladolid Debates