Native Americans pre-conquest
Event that transformed Indian way of life, gave them more reliable food source.
Agricultural Revolution
The transmission and interchange of plants, animals, diseases, cultures, human populations, and technologies between the New World and Old World.
Columbian Exchange
Name the conquistador who conquered the Aztecs in 1519.
Hernan Cortez
Term referring to person of mixed Spanish and Native American descent
Mestizo
This service was used to get poor whites working for wealthy land-owners
What is Indentured Servitude?
Bering Strait
European Power who preferred trade with the Native Americans rather than settlement or conquest
France
First English colony in the New World; Failed
Roanoke
System in which Indians provided land owners with labor tribute in exchange for legal protection and religious guidance. Native Americans frequently exploited and treated harshly.
Encomienda System
Religious Event started by Martin Luther that caused great conflict and division between nations in Europe, split between France and Spain, and England
Protestant Reformation
Tribe in Central Mexico, Capital city of Tenochitlan, performed human sacrifice rituals.
Aztec
Perhaps the worst trade of the Columbian Exchange, this specific thing killed far more Native Americans than guns or steel.
Smallpox
The collective name for two joint stock companies who sponsored the English settlement in the Chesepeake area.
Virginia Company
Author of Historia de las Indias, questioned the legitimacy of Spain's conquest and fought for better treatment of Native Americans.
Bartolome de las Casas
This exchange of goods ended most of the Native population
What is the Columbian Exchange?
What were the three stable crops that many native tribes in North America used? Name 2 of 3
Beans Corn and Squash
One of three specific crops from New World that revolutionized farming and life in Europe
Corn, Potatoes, Tomatoes
Treaty declared by pope that splits the world into Spanish and Portuguese zones of influence.
Treaty of Tordesillas
The French mostly focused on this when colonizing North America
What is the Fur Trade?
English ruler who succeeded Mary I, restored Protestantism to her country and brought national pride.
Elizabeth I
What was the name of a political confederation of five Iroquois tribes formed around 1450?
Great League of Peace
Italian explorer and cartographer while on his 1499-1502 trip along the South American coast determined that the new world was a distinct continent from Asia.
Amerigo Vespucci
The main principle under Spanish Colonization
Three G's? (Gold, Glory, and God)
A blend between European and Native American cultures. In 1531, a newly converted Christian reported visions of a Holy woman of obvious Indian ancestry.
Virgin of Guadalupe
This group was inspired by Dutch Calvinists and immigrated to the colonies to flee discrimination for their religion.
Who are the Pilgrims?