Early Colonization
This nation's colonies were based on agriculture; large number of men and women inhabited the colonies; relatively hostile relations with Native Americans.
Characteristics of English colonization
Spread of goods, ideas, people, and diseases between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
Columbian Exchange
This area was founded by mostly Puritans, a group of like-minded individuals. These colonies tended to be close-knit and had longer life expectancy than other English colonies. The economy was a mix of farming and trade.
Characteristics of New England colonies
List ONE reason why the British colonies were becoming increasingly independent from Great Britain during this time period.
Varies
Native American revolt in the late 17th century in present-day New Mexico against the Spanish. The Spanish were expelled for over 10 years. Once they regained control, the Spanish began to take a more accommodating approach to Natives and allowed some religious accommodation.
Pueblo Revolt
varies
Spanish system of granting land to colonists in the New World. This system exploited Native Americans and resources.
Encomienda System
These colonies were the most diverse religiously and saw the most immigrants from Europe. The economy was based on grain. Quakers.
Middle Colonies
What was one of the first examples of self-governance in the New World, it was formed in Virginia in 1642/43 by the General Assembly.
House of Burgessess
were men and women who signed a contract by which they agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation to Virginia and, once they arrived, food, clothing, and shelter.
Indentured Servitude/Indentured Servant
Fewer inhabitants than other countries; focused on trade, alliances, and intermarriage with Native Americans. Heavy focus on furs (beaver)
Characteristics of French & Dutch Colonization
Why did the Spanish begin to rely on African Slaves to replace Native American slave labor?
The Native American population decline rapidly due to European diseases (SMALL POX) while African Americans were immune to many of these diseases.
The Chesapeake (Maryland and Virginia) relied on indentured servants initially, later replaced by African slaves. Staple crops like tobacco, rice, and sugar made the colonies prosperous. Discrepancies between the backcountry poor and coastal elite
Southern Colonies
What was the first self-governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the male passengers of the Mayflower, consisting of separatist Puritans, adventurers, and tradesmen.
Mayflower Compact
Significant leader of the Puritans whom stated "For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us."
John Winthrop
European powers competed to find a water route to China to establish a faster trade route. This trade route was known as the
Northwest Passage
(Never found, but Roosevelt builds the Panama Canal using the Roosevelt Corollary)
What effect did maize have on the old world?
Once it was introduced to Europe (Columbian Exchange), it helped lead to a drastic increase in population.
This region of the colonies was known for access to harbors, fishing, shipbuilding, and lumber.
New England/ Northern
Economic policy that focuses on making money for the mother country. This policy favors a positive balance of trade for the mother country and the accumulation of gold and silver.
Mercantilism
Why were the dates 1607 & 1754 chosen for the start & end times of Period 2
1607 - First permanent English settlement @ Jamestown
1754 - Beginning of the French & Indian War
Sought tight control over the colonies and focused on
converting and exploiting the Natives. (Think 3 Gs)
Spanish
Why 1491 – 1607 was chosen as the dates for period 1?
1491 is one year prior to the arrival of Columbus and Europeans, and 1607 is the year England established a permanent settlement at Jamestown
The rebellion highlighted the strife between backcountry frontiersmen facing Native American attacks and the rich plantation owners living near coastal settlements
BACON'S Rebellion
Time period that focused on reason and knowledge and promoted new ideas about government (natural rights, consent of the governed, separation of powers). These ideas helped influence the American Revolution. This promoted the idea of self-governance though colonial assemblies and town meetings.
The Enlightenment
Native Americans resisted English Colonial expansion leading to numerous wars such as (Name one)
Pequot War, Beaver Wars, & King Philip's War