Native Americans pre-conquest
Event that transformed Indian way of life, gave them more reliable food source.
Agricultural Revolution
The transmission and interchange of plants, animals, diseases, cultures, human populations, and technologies between the New World and Old World.
Columbian Exchange
Name the conquistador who conquered the Aztecs in 1519.
Hernan Cortez
Term referring to person of mixed Spanish and Native American descent
Mestizo
Event during 15th century that encouraged greater thought in the arts and sciences, led to more centralized political authority
Renaissance
Bering Strait
European Power who preferred trade with the Native Americans rather than settlement or conquest
France
First English colony in the New World; Failed
Roanoke
System in which Indians provided land owners with labor tribute in exchange for legal protection and religious guidance. Native Americans frequently exploited and treated harshly.
Encomienda System
Religious Event started by Martin Luther that caused great conflict and division between nations in Europe, split between France and Spain, and England
Protestant Reformation
Tribe in Central Mexico, Capital city of Tenochitlan, performed human sacrifice rituals.
Aztec
Perhaps the worst trade of the Columbian Exchange, this specific thing killed far more Native Americans than guns or steel.
Smallpox
The collective name for two joint stock companies who sponsored the English settlement in the Chesepeake area.
Virginia Company
Author of Historia de las Indias, questioned the legitimacy of Spain's conquest and fought for better treatment of Native Americans.
Bartolome de las Casas
Event in Spain caused by the marriage of fervent Catholics Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille, led to unification of Spain and removal of Muslims and Jews from Iberia
Reconquista, Spanish Inquisition
What were the three stable crops that many native tribes in North America used? Name 2 of 3
Beans Corn and Squash
One of three specific crops from New World that revolutionized farming and life in Europe
Corn, Potatoes, Tomatoes
Treaty declared by pope that splits the world into Spanish and Portuguese zones of influence.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Supporter of the Harsh Treatment of Native Americans by Spain. Wrote Just Causes of War Against the Indians
Juan de Sepulveda
English ruler who succeeded Mary I, restored Protestantism to her country and brought national pride.
Elizabeth I
What was the name of a political confederation of five Iroquois tribes formed around 1450?
Great League of Peace
Italian explorer and cartographer while on his 1499-1502 trip along the South American coast determined that the new world was a distinct continent from Asia.
Amerigo Vespucci
Conquistador born in New Spain, established first colonial settlement in American southwest, infamous for slaughter of 800 Indians.
Juan de Onate
A blend between European and Native American cultures. In 1531, a newly converted Christian reported visions of a Holy woman of obvious Indian ancestry.
Virgin of Guadalupe
Event from which Spain never fully recovered; failed invasion of England by Phillip II in attempt to return the country to Catholicism, 1588
Sinking of the Spanish Armada (Invincible Armada)