Chapter 16 Key Terms
The belief that the U.S. had a divine right to extend across North America.
What is Manifest Destiny
The president in March 1845. wanted to settle oregon boundary dispute with britain. wanted to aquire California. wanted to incorperate Texas into union.
Who was James K. Polk
Notion advanced before the Civil War that the sovereign people of a given territory should decide whether or not to allow slavery. Seemingly a compromise, it was largely opposed by northern abolitionists, who feared it would promote the spread of slavery to the territories.
What is popular sovereignty
An African-American who helped over 300 slaves to freedom, and also became a very outspoken advocate for women's rights.
Harriet Tubman
a crop grown by a farmer for sale rather than for personal use
Cash Crops
Slogan adopted by mid-nineteenth-century expansionists who advocated the occupation of the whole of Oregon Territory up to the southern border of Alaska, jointly held by Britain and the United States.
What is "fifty-four forty or fight!"
Helped to overthrow the Mexican rule in 1846 by collaborating with Americans who had tried to raise the banner of the California Bear Republic. helped to take California from the inside.
John C. Frémont
Admitted California as a free state, opened New Mexico and Utah to popular sovereignty, ended the slave trade (but not slavery itself) in Washington, D.C., and introduced a more stringent fugitive slave law. It postponed rather than settled the sectional dispute over slavery.
Compromise of 1850
Served in House of Representatives Elected VP in 1848, becomes the 2nd President to succeed to presidency after the death of Zachary Taylor 1850. Compromise 1850 delaying Civil War, supported the Fugitive Slave Law.
Millard Fillmore
a pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and Asia, and the American continents
Triangular Trade
Resolutions introduced in the House of Representatives by freshman congressman Abraham Lincoln, demanding to know exactly where, according to President James Polk, American blood had been spilled on “American” soil. This highlighted the aggressive nature of Polks presidency
What are spot resolutions
A representative from Pennsylvania who introduced an amendment that would make slavery illegal in territory to be gained from Mexico. He proposed the amendment in 1846.
Who was David Wilmot
Proposed that the issue of slavery be decided by popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska Territories, thus revoking the 1820 Missouri Compromise. Introduced by Stephen Douglas in an effort to bring Nebraska into the Union and pave the way for a northern transcontinental railroad.
Kansas–Nebraska Act
Democratic candidate for President in 1852 and the fourteenth president of the US. He made the Gadsden Purchase, and passed the unpopular Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Franklin Pierce
to prevent other European powers (outside of those already present) from establishing colonies or any new presence in the Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
Failed amendment to prohibit slavery from any territories acquired from Mexico.
What is the Wilmot Proviso
A major general from 1846-1847 in the Mexican War. Known as "Old Rough and Ready," he defeated the Mexicans in a campaign that took him to Buena Vista in Mexico. The victorious campaign helped pressure the Mexicans into peace.
Who was Zachary Taylor
Informal network of volunteers that helped enslaved people escape from the South and reach free-soil Canada. Seeking to halt the flow of “freedom-seeking enslaved people” to the North, southern planters and congressmen pushed for a stronger fugitive slave law.
Underground Railroad
the father of "popular sovereignty," the notion that the sovereign people of a territory should themselves decide the issue of slavery.
Lewis Cass
the founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust.
John D. Rockefeller
Ended the war with Mexico. Mexico agreed to cede territory reaching northwest from Texas to Oregon in exchange for $18.25 million in cash and assumed debts.
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
led American troops in Mexico City during the Mexican American War, the Mexicans surrendered to him.
Who was Winfield Scott
Antislavery party in the 1848 and 1852 elections that opposed the extension of slavery into the territories, arguing that the presence of slavery would limit opportunities for free laborers.
Free Soil party
Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to world trade in 1854, by forcing on the Japanese shogunate the treaty of Kanagawa
Matthew C. Perry
when members of the Ohio National Guard opened fire on a crowd gathered to protest the Vietnam War.
The Kent State Massacre