People
Who was Christopher Columbus?
An Italian explorer who completed 4 voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.
A system that which the king of Spain gave grants of land and natives to individual Spaniards after seizing the wealth of Indian empires.
The Encomienda System
What role did women play in Native American culture?
They were matriarchs and were able to lead and be at the top of the society.
Who sent ships loaded with gold and silver back to Spain, and increased the gold supply by more than 500%?
The conquistadors
During the time, who had the right to vote and who didn't have rights at all?
Only male property owners had the right to vote. Slaves & indentured servants had no rights at all.
Which Spanish priest dissented from the views of most Europeans towards Native Americans?
Bartolome de Las Casas
The transfer of diseases, animals, crops, and plants from one side of the Atlantic to the other. Introduced to the Americas from Europe, Asia, and Africa.
The Columbian Exchange
Which agricultural commodity was the foundation of Mexico's and Peru's early American Indian civilizations?
Corn/Maize
Western Europe's main motivation for exploration in the fifteenth century was...
To expand trade with the non-Christian world
Which uprising motivated a rebellion against William Berkeley's government? They conducted a series of raids and massacres against American Indian villages on the Virginia frontier.
Bacon's Rebellion
Who expressed the Great Awakening ideas in a series of sermons, notably one called "Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God?"
Reverend Johnathan Edwards
People who were under a contract with a master or landowner who paid for their passage. Agreed to work under a specified period, and were under the absolute rule of their masters until the end of their work period.
Indentured Servants
What tribe was also known as the "Five Nations" and lived in the northeastern United States?
The Iroquois Confederation
When the Christians overtook the Muslims to reclaim Spain, what was the name of the political event?
Reconquista
Which colony had a form of self-government and had a rudimentary written constitution known as the Mayflower Compact?
The New England Colonies
Who were the two main explorers from Spain that made conquests of the Aztecs and Incas that secured Spain's supremacy in the Americas?
Hernan Cortés & Francisco Pizarro
A system where Virginia attempted to attract immigrants through offers of land. The colony offered 50 acres of land through (1) each immigrant who paid for his own passage and (2) any plantation owner who paid for an immigrant's passage.
Who led the Iroqouis Confederacy?
The Mohawk
What was the name of the companies responsible for bringing Europeans to the new world?
Charter Companies
The Reverend Thomas Hooker led a large group of Boston Puritans into the valley and founded the colony of Hartford in 1936. The Hartford settlers drew up the first written constitution in American history. What was it called and what did it establish?
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. It established a representative government consisting of a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature.
Who had a major influence on the Enlightenment and American thinking?
John Locke
A ship that started from the New England port traveled across the Atlantic to Africa to exchange rum for captive African Americans. The ship would then sail out through the Middle Passage, then the West Indies to exchange the slaves for sugarcane, then back to New England. What was this exchange called?
The Triangular Trade
What was the foundation for Mexico's, Peru's, and the Mississippi River Valley's rich Native American societies?
A strong agricultural system that relied on crops such as maize, beans, & squash
Apart from the Reconquista in Spain, what other key historical event acted as a stimulus for the discovery and colonization of the Americas?
The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella, which helped to financially and political reunify Spain
What 3 rules did the Acts of Trade and Navigation establish?
1. Trade to and from the colonies could be carried out only by English or colonial-built ships, which could only be operated by English or colonial crews.
2. All goods imported to the colonies, except for certain perishables, had to pass through ports in England.
3. Specified or "enumerated" goods from the colonies could only be exported to England.