European Colonization
This European's colonies were primarily located in the American southwest and Central America, focusing on Christian conversion and wealth extraction; to these ends, they enslaved and converted the Native Americans using the encomienda system.
What is Spain?
This colonial region is known for its Anglicanism, mild winters, and long growing seasons that allowed for an agricultural economy based around rice, sugar, and indigo plantations worked by slaves and indentured servants; included the colonies North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
What are the Southern Colonies?
This refers to the 3-part trade route that connected North America, Africa, and Europe: A ship would leave New England carrying rum to West Africa, trading this for captive Africans. Enslaved Africans then endured the Middle Passage to the West Indies where they were traded for sugarcane. This sugarcane then made the final leg, back to New England to make more rum.
What is Triangular Trade or Transatlantic Trade?
This was a revolt against Spanish colonial rule in Sante Fe that saw the Spanish forcibly expelled from the region due to their harsh treatment and forced conversion. Though they did return, the Spanish made more accommodations to the Native Americans to keep the peace.
What is the Pueblo Revolt?
Although all British colonies made use of slaves, this was the primary driver for high demand for labor in the colonies, leading to a larger number of slaves being sent to the south and Caribbean.
What is the demand for agricultural products (plantations, tobacco, sugar, etc.)?
This was a European philosophical movement that emphasized reason and individuality, maintaining that the answers to the world's question could be achieved via human reasoning rather than the Bible. It also emphasized induvial rights and questioned the absolute monarchies of Europe.
What is the Enlightenment?
This European's colonies were primarily located along the Mississippi River and Quebec, focusing on the fur trade with Natives and Christian conversion; to that end, intermarriage was common in their colonies to build trade relationships.
What is France?
This colonial region is known for its Anglicanism, mild winters, and long growing seasons that allowed for an agricultural economy based around tobacco plantations worked by slaves and indentured servants; included the colonies Virginia and Maryland.
This economic theory held there was a limited amount of wealth in the world, determined by the amount of gold. Therefore, a country’s wealth—and thus, power—was determined by how much more it exported (sold) than imported (bought).
What is mercantilism?
This was a conflict between the governor of Virginia and indentured servants over the former's failure to protect western farmers from Native American attacks. although it was ultimately suppressed, it did lead to the decline of indentured servitude in favor of African slavery.
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
This is the term given to the journey slaves undertook from the west coast of Africa to the Americas; many died from disease and poor conditions before reaching their destination.
What is the Middle Passage?
This was a religious revival that took swept the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, emphasizing emotion and passionate preaching, as well as challenging traditional religious authority; it was the first common experience between the 13 colonies.
What is the Great Awakening?
This European's colonies were primarily located in what is now New York, focusing entirely on trade with Native Americans; interactions between them and Native Americans was minimal, and their colony was eventually taken over by the British.
What is the Netherlands?
This colonial region is known for its Puritanism, long winters, and rocky soil that necessitated a mixed economy based around lumber, rum, fish, and subsistence farming; included the colonies Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.
What is New England?
This refers to a series of British colonial laws which placed regulations on colonial trade to increase profits for Britain. At its core, it made it so the colonies could only trade with Britain via British ships.
What are the Navigation Acts?
This was a conflict between New England colonies and Wampanoag Indians over land that ended with the takeover of Wampanoag by colonists; its namesake is the chief of the Wampanoag.
What is King Phillip's War (Metacom's War)?
There were laws passed in the British colonies meant to control the behavior and actions of the enslaved population. They kept Africans in permanent bondage and created a race-based system of slavery.
What are slave codes?
This is the term for the presence of a diversity of beliefs, ethnicities, races, religions, and ideas in the British colonies due to the ethnic and religious diversity present there, and was the primary difference between the colonies and Europe.
What is pluralism?
This European's colonies were primarily located along the eastern coast of the United States and had diverse motivations ranging from economic opportunity to religious freedom; due to the large number of colonists, conflict with Native Americans over land was common as they pushed the Natives further west away from them.
What is Britain?
This colonial region is known for its ethnic and religious diversity, natural harbors, and rich soil that allowed for a mixed economy based around trade and cereal crops (wheat, corn etc.); included the colonies Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.
What are the Middle Colonies?
This refers to unofficial British policy of loose enforcement of various laws in the colonies, as long as they remained profitable.
What is salutary neglect?
This was a short-lived alliance between Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, New Haven, and Connecticut meant to protect themselves and each other from Native American attacks.
What is the New England Confederation?
This was a slave rebellion, one of many, that took place in South Carolina in 1739 and saw 25 colonists killed before being crushed. An example of overt resistance to enslavement.
What is the Stono Rebellion?
This refers to the process in which the diverse population of the colonies became gradually more British in government, culture, and religion, while still maintaining a unique American identity.
What is anglicanization?
There were the first permanent North American settlements for the British, French, Dutch, and Spanish respectively.
What is Jamestown, Quebec, New Amsterdam (New York), and Santa Fe?
This was the self-governing body in Virginia, one of many examples of self-government in the colonies dominated by the elites of their society; in Virginia's case, plantation owners.
What is the Virginia House of Burgesses?
This was the name given to King Jame II's attempt to solidify royal control over New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut by combining them into one large colony, in order to better regulate trade.
What is the Dominion of New England?
These existed in New England, where Puritans attempted to convert Native Americans to Christianity; an example in the British colonies of trying to assimilate the Natives, rather than force them west.
What are praying towns?
This was a land distribution system used in Virginia in order to encourage immigration to the colony and meet labor demands; it offered 50 acres of land to immigrants who paid for their own passage and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrant’s passage.
What is the Headright System?
This preacher captured the passionate spirit of colonial religious revival in his sermon "Sinner's in the Hands of an Angry God," in which he characterized God as angry with human sinfulness and that only through deep repentance could you be saved.
Who is Jonathan Edwards?