European Colonization
This European's colonies were primarily located in the American southwest and Central America, focusing on Christian conversion and wealth extraction; to these ends, they enslaved and converted the Native Americans using the encomienda system.
What is Spain?
This colonial region is known for its Anglicanism, mild winters, and long growing seasons that allowed for an agricultural economy based around rice, sugar, and indigo plantations worked by slaves and indentured servants; included the colonies North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
What are the Southern Colonies?
This refers to the 3-part trade route that connected North America, Africa, and Europe: A ship would leave New England carrying rum to West Africa, trading this for captive Africans. Enslaved Africans then endured the Middle Passage to the West Indies where they were traded for sugarcane. This sugarcane then made the final leg, back to New England to make more rum.
What is Triangular Trade or Transatlantic Trade?
This was a revolt against Spanish colonial rule in Sante Fe that saw the Spanish forcibly expelled from the region due to their harsh treatment and forced conversion. Though they did return, the Spanish made more accommodations to the Native Americans to keep the peace.
What is the Pueblo Revolt?
Members of this religious group in the Middle Colonies, known for their belief in equality and pacifism, became the first white Americans to publicly oppose slavery and voice abolitionist sentiments.
Who are the Quakers?
This European's colonies were primarily located along the Mississippi River and Quebec, focusing on the fur trade with Natives and Christian conversion; to that end, intermarriage was common in their colonies to build trade relationships.
What is France?
This was a conflict between New England colonies and Wampanoag Indians over land that ended with the takeover of Wampanoag by colonists; its namesake is the chief of the Wampanoag.
What is King Phillip's War (Metacom's War)?
Although all British colonies made use of slaves, this was the primary driver for high demand for labor in the colonies, leading to a larger number of slaves being sent to the south and Caribbean.
What is the demand for agricultural products (plantations, tobacco, sugar, etc.)?
This was a conflict between the governor of Virginia and indentured servants over the former's failure to protect western farmers from Native American attacks. although it was ultimately suppressed, it did lead to the decline of indentured servitude in favor of African slavery.
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
This was a religious revival that took swept the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, emphasizing emotion and passionate preaching, as well as challenging traditional religious authority; it was the first common experience between the 13 colonies.
What is the Great Awakening?
This European's colonies were primarily located along the eastern coast of the United States and had diverse motivations ranging from economic opportunity to religious freedom; due to the large number of colonists, conflict with Native Americans over land was common as they pushed the Natives further west away from them.
What is Britain?
This colonial region is known for its Puritanism, long winters, and rocky soil that necessitated a mixed economy based around lumber, rum, fish, and subsistence farming; included the colonies Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.
What is New England?
There were laws passed in the British colonies meant to control the behavior and actions of the enslaved population. They kept Africans in permanent bondage and created a race-based system of slavery.
What are slave codes?
Organized by Benjamin Franklin in 1754, this proposal aimed to unite the British North American colonies under a centralized government for defensive and diplomatic purposes.
What is the Albany Plan of Union?
This was a European philosophical movement that emphasized reason and individuality, maintaining that the answers to the world's question could be achieved via human reasoning rather than the Bible. It also emphasized induvial rights and questioned the absolute monarchies of Europe.
What is the Enlightenment?
Unlike Spanish and French colonies that relied on extraction or trade, the British colonies were examples of this type of colony, which focused on mass migration, permanent family relocation, and expansion of living space.
What are settler colonies?
This colonial region is known for its ethnic and religious diversity, natural harbors, and rich soil that allowed for a mixed economy based around trade and cereal crops (wheat, corn etc.); included the colonies Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.
What are the Middle Colonies?
Comprising over half of 18th-century European immigrants, these laborers signed contracts to work without wages for 4 to 7 years in exchange for transatlantic passage, food, and shelter.
What are indentured servants? (or What is Indentured Servitude?)
Sparked by competing territorial claims in the Ohio River Valley, this 1754–1763 conflict pitted Britain and its colonies against the French and their Native allies, ultimately ending French imperial power in North America.
What is the French and Indian War (or Seven Years' War)?
This Enlightenment concept, popularized by thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, argues that individuals make an agreement to be loyal to a government in exchange for the protection of their rights.
What is the Social Contract?
This is the British system of property/land ownership that was brought to the American colonies, causing conflict with Native Americans, who believed land should be held in common.
What is Private Property?
This was the self-governing body in Virginia, one of many examples of self-government in the colonies dominated by the elites of their society; in Virginia's case, plantation owners.
What is the Virginia House of Burgesses?
While only 3.6% of all enslaved Africans taken during the transatlantic trade arrived in what became the United States, roughly 45% ended up in this South American colony.
What is Brazil?
Following the French and Indian War, an alliance of Native American tribes launched this 1763 conflict against British rule to resist colonial expansion into the Great Lakes region and Ohio Country.
What is Pontiac’s Rebellion (or Pontiac's War)?
Published in January 1776, this wildly popular pamphlet by Thomas Paine used clear, fiery arguments to advocate for total independence from Great Britain and the establishment of a democratic republic.
What is Common Sense?