American Colonies
A colony in modern-day Cape Cod, founded by the Pilgrims in 1620. By 1691, it was merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony to form the crown colony of the Province of Massachusetts Bay
Plymouth
William Penn
A Protestant religious movement that took place across the Thirteen Colonies during the 1730s and 1740s. It indirectly helped spur religious tolerance and led to the founding of many universities.
Great Awakening
What are two crops that the Carolina's were known for growing during the colonial period?
Indigo and rice (also tobacco)
Example of religious hysteria in the New England Colonies
The first written form of government in the modern-day United States. Drafted by the Pilgrims, it was an agreement to establish a secular body that would administer the leadership of the Plymouth colony.
Mayflower Compact
A Puritan colonist in Massachusetts. Tried and convicted of heresy in the 1630s. She asserted that local ministers were erroneous in believing that good deeds and church attendance saved one’s soul. She believed that faith alone merited salvation.
Anne Hutchinson
Formally known as the “Society of Friends.” A Protestant church that advocated that everyone was equal, including women, Africans, and American Indians.
Quakers
Period from 1607-1763 in which England did not strictly enforce Parliamentary laws, which allowed the colonies to flourish as almost independent states for many years.
Salutary Neglect
Governor of Massachusetts who famously said "we shall build a city upon a hill."
John Winthrop
Religious doctrine that appeared during the Great Awakening that allowed more people to attend church including women and children (or anyone who had not achieved grace yet)
Halfway Covenant
Puritan leader. Founded a settlement at Hartford, Connecticut (1636) after dissenting from the Massachusetts authorities.
Thomas Hooker
The 1688 overthrow of the Catholic King James II by the English Parliament. He was replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary II and her Dutch husband, William III of Orange. Led to both celebration and unrest throughout the American colonies.
Glorious Revolution
Laws passed in 1651 as measure to take over Dutch control of international trade. Colonial commodities such as tobacco and sugar had to be exported to England in English ships and sold in English ports before they could be re-exported to other nations’ markets. Spurred colonial resentment in the long-term.
Navigation Acts
Man sold into slavery at age 11; after gaining freedom, he spoke out against slavery and published his autobiography
Olaudah Equiano
Describe two unique characteristics of the Middle Colonies that set them apart from the colonies of New England and the South.
less aristocratic, more ethnicities, religious tolerance, etc.
An American Indian who learned English after having been captured and transported to England. Later returned to the New World. He showed the Pilgrims how to plant corn and where to fish, enabling them to survive early on
Squanto
A preacher credited for sparking the (First) Great Awakening. His sermons encouraged parishioners to repent of their sins and obey God’s word in order to earn mercy. He delivered his most famous sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” in 1741.
Jonathan Edwards
In the American colonies, slaves were subjected to rules like the "grandfather clause" and the "one drop rule". Explain these rules and their purpose.
Grandfather clause- if your grandpa was enslaved, so are you
One drop rule- if you had "one drop" of African blood, you were considered African American/enslaved
purpose- control
What were two major difference between society in New England and society in the deep South?
- demand for labor, fewer women in south, African slaves, less religion in south, etc.
Explain in your own words how Britains mercantilistic relationship with the American colonies would ultimately lead to the American Revolution (think, if this were the DBQ, what would your thesis be?)
Ms.Strong will tell you if you aren't a loser
A wealthy reformer who founded Georgia in 1733 as a haven for those who had been imprisoned in England as debtors.
James Oglethorpe
A traveling New Light preacher during the Great Awakening. Known for his sermons on the “fire and brimstone” eternity that all sinners would face if they did not publicly confess their sins. Undermined the power and prestige of Old Light ministers by proclaiming that ordinary people could understand Christian doctrine without the clergy’s guidance.
George Whitfield
Overall, how strongly did Native Americans resist colonization? What are two examples of Native resistance? What are two factors that allowed Europeans to overpower Natives eventually?
Ms. Strong will tell you if you know the tea
Correctly place these groups of people into the hierarchy that existed in the Colonial "Plantation" South: (list from most powerful to least powerful; think of it like a pyramid)
- Landless Whites, Slaves, Plantation Owners, Small Farmers, Indentured Servants
Plantation Owners
Small Farmers
Landless Whites
Indentured Servants
Slaves