Age of Jackson
Who is the "common man"?
This major canal connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, dramatically lowering transportation costs and boosting New York City’s economy.
What is the Erie Canal?
This religious revival movement emphasized personal salvation and inspired widespread reform efforts in the early 19th century.
What is the Second Great Awakening?
The journalist John O'Sullivan coined this term that expressed the belief that the United States was divinely destined to expand westward.
What is Manifest Destiny?
This proposed amendment sought to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico but repeatedly failed to pass Congress.
What is the Wilmot Proviso?
Created by Congress in 1865, this agency provided food, education, and legal assistance to formerly enslaved people in the postwar South.
What is the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Andrew Jackson justified rewarding loyal supporters with government jobs through this practice, also known as “rotation in office.”
What is the Spoils System?
This invention by Eli Whitney transformed Southern agriculture and greatly increased the demand for enslaved labor.
What is the cotton gin?
This region of upstate New York earned its nickname because it experienced repeated waves of intense religious revivals.
What is the Burned-Over District?
This overland route symbolized westward migration, drawing families with promises of farmland, opportunity, and a better life.
What is the Oregon Trail?
This idea allowed settlers in a territory to vote on whether to permit slavery, rather than having Congress decide.
What is popular sovereignty?
These Southern laws sought to restrict the freedom of African Americans after the Civil War, prompting Congressional Republicans to push for stronger federal protections.
What are the Black Codes?
Sparked by the Tariff of Abominations, this crisis involved South Carolina’s claim that states could invalidate federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.
What is the Nullification Crisis? (Nullification)
This communication breakthrough allowed messages to be sent almost instantly over long distances, revolutionizing business and politics.
What is the telegraph?
This reform movement sought to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption, believing it was the root of many social problems.
What is temperance?
Elected as the first true “dark horse” candidate, this president, termed "Young Hickory" in homage to his mentor, Andrew Jackson, promised—and largely achieved—four major goals in a single term: tariff reduction, an independent treasury, settlement of the Oregon boundary, and territorial expansion through war with Mexico.
Who is James K. Polk?
This 1850 novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe intensified Northern opposition to slavery by portraying its moral and human consequences.
What is Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
This system replaced slavery as the dominant Southern labor arrangement, trapping many newly-freed people in cycles of debt and economic dependence, often on their former masters.
What is sharecropping?
Despite a Supreme Court ruling in favor of Native sovereignty, Jackson ignored this Supreme Court decision, paving the way for forced relocation under the Indian Removal Act.
What is Worcester v. Georgia? (Also acceptable, Cherokee Nation v. Georgia.)
This factory system employed young women in textile mills, offering wages and education while enforcing strict moral and work rules.
What is the Lowell System?
In this essay, written after refusing to pay a tax that supported the Mexican–American War and slavery, the author argued that individuals have a moral duty to resist unjust laws through nonviolent action.
What is Civil Disobedience (by Henry David Thoreau)?
This Mexican-American began after the annexation of Texas and disputes over the U.S.–Mexico border, prompting opposition from figures like Thoreau and Lincoln, and was begun over a dispute revolving around which river?
What is the Rio Grande (proposed US border) or Nueces River (proposed Mexican border)?
This 1854 act repealed the Missouri Compromise, based off of the doctrine of popular sovereignty, led to violent conflict in the territories, and helped give rise to the Republican Party.
What is the Kansas–Nebraska Act?
The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction by resolving the disputed election of 1876, withdrawing federal troops from the South, and paving the way for “Redemption” governments. It also provided this politician with the presidency, despite him losing the popular vote by almost 300,000 votes.
Who is Rutherford B. Hayes?
What is the (Second) Bank of the United States?
This political movement emerged in response to increased Irish and German immigration and was defined by anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant beliefs.
What is nativism (or the Know-Nothing Party)?
This 19th-century social ideology defined “true womanhood” through piety, purity, submissiveness, and family-centeredness, reinforcing separate spheres for men and women while simultaneously motivating female-led reform movements such as temperance and abolition.
What is the Cult of Domesticity?
This 1848 treaty ended the Mexican–American War, transferring California and much of the Southwest to the U.S. and reigniting sectional conflict over slavery.
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
This Supreme Court decision ruled that Congress lacked the power to ban slavery in the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens and thus had no legal standing in federal courts.
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford?
During Reconstruction, these two groups were vilified by Southern Democrats—one consisting of Northern migrants to the South and the other of white Southerners who supported Republican governments and federal Reconstruction policies.
What are carpetbaggers and scalawags? (Both required)