Imperial Crisis
British efforts to raise colonial revenue after 1763 were largely intended to address this consequence of the Seven Years’ War.
What is British war debt / the cost of defending the empire?
This Enlightenment concept held that individuals possessed rights that governments could not legitimately take away.
What are natural rights?
This American victory became a turning point because it encouraged France to openly support the colonies.
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
This weakness of the Articles of Confederation prevented Congress from directly raising revenue from citizens.
What is the power to tax?
Hamilton’s financial plan included federal assumption of these obligations owed by individual states.
What are state debts?
The Stamp Act differed from many earlier British taxes because it was viewed by colonists as this type of tax imposed directly within the colonies.
What is a direct/internal tax?
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense challenged the legitimacy of this political institution and helped broaden support for independence.
What is monarchy?
Washington’s decision to avoid large-scale battles after early defeats reflected this broader military strategy.
What is a war of attrition / survival strategy?
The Great Compromise settled a dispute primarily between states that disagreed over this issue.
What is representation in Congress?
Jefferson and Hamilton disagreed sharply over whether the Constitution permitted the creation of this institution.
What is the Bank of the United States?
Parliament passed the Declaratory Act after repealing the Stamp Act in order to assert this principle.
What is Parliamentary sovereignty / Parliament’s right to legislate for the colonies in all cases?
The Declaration of Independence drew most directly on this theory that government exists through an agreement between rulers and the governed.
What is the social contract?
The Treaty of Alliance with France changed the Revolution by transforming the conflict into this type of war.
What is an international/global war?
Anti-Federalist demands during ratification contributed most directly to the addition of this constitutional protection.
What is the Bill of Rights?
The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated a major difference between the Constitution and the Articles by showing that the federal government could do this.
What is enforce federal laws / suppress an internal rebellion?
Colonial resistance to the Townshend Acts and Tea Act reflected fears that British policies threatened both economic interests and this long-standing political tradition.
What is self-government / colonial autonomy?
Revolutionary rhetoric about equality contributed to increased challenges to this institution in several northern states after independence.
What is slavery?
Britain’s southern strategy depended heavily on the belief that this group would provide substantial support to British forces.
Who are Loyalists?
Federalist No. 10 argued that a large republic could best control the dangers created by these organized political groups.
What are factions?
Washington’s Farewell Address warned Americans against permanent foreign alliances and the growing influence of these domestic political organizations.
What are political parties / factions?
The end of salutary neglect after 1763 altered colonial-British relations because colonists increasingly viewed parliamentary enforcement as a threat to this principle developed during the colonial period.
What is representative self-government / local political autonomy?
The Revolution produced both change and continuity because republican ideals expanded political participation for some while preserving major inequalities involving these groups.
Who are women, enslaved African Americans, and Native Americans?
The Battle of Yorktown succeeded in part because American forces coordinated effectively with these two foreign military forces.
Who are the French army and French navy?
The Constitution represented both continuity and change from the Articles because it maintained republican government while significantly strengthening this level of authority.
What is the federal/national government?
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions introduced an argument later associated with this theory concerning the relationship between states and the federal government.
What is nullification / states’ rights theory?