Jefferson/Madison Presidency
Louisiana Purchase
Purchase from France. US given the territory from Mississippi River to Rocky mountains. Doubled the size of the nation.
Impressment
Forced enlistment of civilians into the army or navy. Leading up to the War of 1812, residents of colonial seaports were forced into the British navy.
Spoils System
Federal offices were awarded on the basis of political loyalty.
Second Great Awakening
Religious revival movement in the early 19th century. Increased membership in churches, especially women. Spurred social reform movements.
Cult of domesticity
Called for women to be confined to the domestic sphere and devote themselves to the care of children, the home, and hard-working husbands.
Lewis & Clark Expedition
A federally funded expedition to explore the western United States from 1804–1806. Led to future claims in the Oregon territory. Lewis almost died like 20 times.
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty signed to end the War of 1812. Returned to US and Britain the lands that they controlled before the war.
Nullification crisis
Nullification: idea that individual state have the right to declare federal laws unconstitutional, making it void within their borders.
SC attempted to use this to nullify the Tariff of 1832
Romanticism/Romantic era
Underground Railroad
Series of routes from southern slave states to northern free states and Canada. Abolitionists would provide hiding places, transportation, and resources to enslaved people seeking freedom.
Significance of Marbury v. Madison
Established the Supreme Court's ability to practice Judicial Review
Importance/impact of the Cotton Gin
The Cotton Gin dramatically reduced the time and labor involved in deseeding, facilitating the expansion of cotton production in the South and West. Also increasing the demand for slavery.
Indian Removal Act
Native American peoples in the East were forced to exchange their land for territory west of the Mississippi River.
Tariff of 1828
Extended tariffs to include raw materials like wool, hemp, and molasses.
South opposed tariff. Called it the "tariff of abominations"
Slave codes
Laws restricting enslaved peoples' rights, largely due to slaveholders' fears of rebellion.
Cause(s) of Panic of 1819
- overinflated credit following War of 1812
- drop in sales/prices of cotton
- influx of cheap European imports
- monetary practices of the second bank
Name 3 Causes of the War of 1812
- Impressment
- British restrictions on trade with US during Napoleonic Wars
- American desire to expand onto British-occupied land
- British troops still stationed in forts in the US
- Violent conflict with Native Americans. Suspected to be caused by British
- Desire for the US to assert their independence from British interference.
Significance of Worchester v. Georgia
- States did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land.
Ruled that Native American nations were “distinct, independent political communities retaining their original natural rights” and that the United States had acknowledged as much in several treaties with the Cherokees.
Transcendentalism
Proposed that individuals look inside themselves and to nature for spiritual and moral guidance rather than to formal religion.
Impact of Nat Turner Rebellion
Generated panic among white southerners, leading to tighter control of African Americans. Led to the passage of stricter slave codes in southern states.
Significance of McCulloch v. Maryland
Allowed the federal government to employ an expansive understanding of implied powers.
It was stated that the "Nedcessary and Proper" Clause of the Constitution gave Congress the power to pass any law that was necessary or convenient to carry out its other powers.
Adams-Onis Treaty
Treaty negotiated by John Quincy Adams and signed in 1819 by which Spain ceded all of its lands east of the Mississippi River to the US.
Cause(s) of the Panic of 1837
- "Specie Circular"
- Prices of cotton dropping
- overinvestment of land out West
- Jackson vetoing second bank of the US
Describe the change in immigration during this period
Mostly Irish and German immigrants came to the US. Due to economic hardship in their home countries. The Market Revolution in the US created a demand for cheap labor in developing industries. Also sparked the only forms of nativism and anti-semitism.
DAILY DOUBLE: define all 3 of these movements:
- asylum movement
- women's rights movement
- temperance movement
Asylum movement: aimed to improve the treatment of people with mental illness.
Women's rights movement: Call for the right to vote, increased wages, property rights, etc.
Temperance movement: promoted abstinence from or moderation in the consumption of alcohol.