Supreme Courts
Passed by the departing Federalist Congress, it created sixteen new federal judgeships, ensuring a Federalist hold on the judiciary.
Judiciary Act of 1801
Conflict between Britain and the U.S. that precipitated the 1807 embargo.
Chesapeake Affair
Spoils System
Know-Nothing Party
Religious followers of Joseph Smith.
Mormons
Supreme Court case that established the principle of "Judicial Review" - the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality.
Marbury v. Madison
War fought between U.S. and Britain mostly over the issues of trade and impressment.
War of 1812
High duties on imports that Southerners vehemently opposed.
Tariffs of Abominations
Legal principle that facilitates capital investment by offering protection for individual investors.
Limited Liability
Literary and intellectual movement that emphasized individualism and self-reliance.
Transcendentalism
Federalist Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801-1835.
John Marshall
Treaty that ended the War of 1812.
Treaty of Ghent.
Series of clashes in Illinois and Wisconsin between American forces and Indian chief Black Hawk.
Black Hawk War
Young women employed in growing factories of the early 19th century.
Factory girls
One of the leading revival preachers during the Second Great Awakening.
Charles Grandison Finney
Supreme Court case that strengthened the federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Accomplished Shawnee warrior, sought to establish a confederacy of Indian tribes east of the Mississippi.
Tecumseh
U.S. Treasury decree requiring that all public lands be purchased with "hard" or metallic currency.
Specie Circular
Eighteenth and nineteenth transformation from a disaggregated, subsistence economy to a national commercial and industrial network.
Market Revolution
Reformer and woman suffragist who advocated for temperance and women's right in New York State.
Susan B. Anthony
Suit over whether New York State could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters. The ruling reasserted that Congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Haitian revolutionary who led a successful slave uprising and helped establish an independent Haiti in 1797.
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Battle that resulted in the capture of Mexican dictator Santa Anna.
Battle of San Jacinto
Inventor of the telegraph
Samuel F.B. Morse
Popular name of western New York, a region particulary swept up in the religious fervor of the second great awakening.
Burned-Over District