Chapter 12
Black abolitionists opposed this movement, which proposed that slavery should be ended and Black people should then return to Africa.
What is African Colonization?
This year saw the height of the California gold rush.
What is 1849?
Popularized by Stephen Douglas, this was the idea to allow white male settlers in U.S. territories to vote on whether to permit or prohibit slavery, rather than Congress deciding.
What is popular sovereignty?
The Emancipation Proclamation excluded these 4 original border states, as well as West Virginia.
What are Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri?
These are two advantages the Confederacy had at the outset of the Civil War.
What are: Could fight defensively North had to invade vast Confederacy + conquer it, Fortifications to protect against impact of new rifles that were accurate up to a distance of 6 football fields, War of Attrition→ Draw = win, Enjoyed high morale and sense of justification at the outset, More militaristic lifestyle + key leaders from West Point
This is influencing people or groups to change behavior through ethical appeals, reasoning, and public pressure, rather than laws or force, relying on their sense of right and wrong.
What is moral suasion?
The non-Indian population who were of Spanish origin in Texas were called this. The elites of this group joined American colonists to rebel against Mexico.
Originally proposed by a Democrat from Michigan that allowed the decision of slavery within a territory to be decided upon by the settlers of the area.
What is Popular Sovereignty?
What were two additions to the Union's plan to win after the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation?
What are: 1. Suffocate South by blockading coasts, 2. Liberate slaves + undermine economy, 3. Seize Mississippi: cut Conf. in half, 4. Chop Confederacy to pieces by sending troops though GA + Carolina, 5. Decapitate CSA by taking Richmond, 6. Try to engage South’s strongest army everywhere and “grind it to submission.”
Escaping slaves were known as this prior to the Emancipation Proclamation. This meant they were of military value and would not be returned to the South.
What is the "contrabands?"
This was instituted in Congress to avoid the discussion of anti-slavery petitions. It lasted from 1836-1844.
What is the gag rule?
Most members of this political party rejected annexation of Texas for fear of causing tension with Mexico.
Who were the Whigs?
This was one of the ways the Compromise of 1850 strengthened US fugitive slave laws.
What is one of the following: allowed "special federal commissioners" to determine fate of accused, no testimony from accused, no jury, prohibited local authorities from "interfering", compelled northern citizens to report and assist in capturing accused.
Foner highlights that class tensions in the Confederacy erupted most clearly over this 1862 policy, which allowed wealthy men to avoid military service.
What is the law that permitted enslavers that held 20 or more people to get an exemption from the military draft?
These are 3 advantages the Union had at the start of the war.
What are: ¾ of nation's wealth , Sea power→ blockade + grain for munitions and supplies from Europe , People Power (Union pop = 22 million, 2. 5 mil white soldiers, 180K Af Am soldiers, 70 % railroads
This was the first dedicated "Women's Rights Convention", held in 1848?
What is Seneca Falls?
This president, who narrowly won election in 1844, provoked the Mexican War because Mexico refused to discuss the sale of California.
Who was James Polk?
The Republican Party formed after the passage of this.
What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
These are 4 significant points Lincoln made in his first inaugural address.
What are: The Union Is Perpetual, Union is older than Constitution, Secession Is Unconstitutional, union can not be peaceably unmade, no intention or legal authority to abolish slavery in states where it already existed, federal government would “hold, occupy, and possess” federal property, he would not be the first to resort to violence?
These are 4 significant battles from the Civil War that we discussed in class. (You must provide the year + at least reason it is considered a major battle.
What are: First Battle of Bull Run: July 1861
The first major battle of the war shattered Northern hopes for a quick victory and demonstrated that the conflict would be long, costly, and require full national mobilization., Battle of Antietam, September 1862
The bloodiest single day in American history, Antietam halted Lee’s first invasion of the North and gave Lincoln the political opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Battle of Gettysburg, July 1863, The war’s turning point in the East, Gettysburg ended Lee’s second invasion of the North and permanently shifted the strategic momentum toward the Union., Siege of Vicksburg May- July, 1863
Vicksburg gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, splitting the Confederacy in two and crippling Southern supply lines and communication., The Wilderness, 1864, marked Grant’s new strategy of relentless warfare, signaling that the Union would continue attacking rather than retreating after heavy losses., Siege of Petersburg, June 1864 – April 1865
The prolonged siege cut off Richmond’s supply lines and directly led to the collapse of Confederate defenses and Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, Sherman’s March to the Sea
November 15 – December 21, 1864
Sherman’s campaign of total war devastated Southern infrastructure and morale, demonstrating that the Confederacy could no longer protect its civilian population or sustain the war effort.
William Lloyd Garrison was considered a "radical abolitionist" because he held these beliefs (must name at least 2)
He believed in immediate abolition, he supported women's rights, he did not support the idea of abolitionists serving in public office, he opposed the US Constitution.
This was an unsuccessful 1846 proposal in the United States Congress to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican–American War. All Northern Democrats and Whigs supported it, it was opposed by nearly all Southern Congressmen.
What is the Wilmot Proviso?
This was the Chief Justice of the SCOTUS during the Dred Scott case, arguably the worst court decision in US history.
Who is Roger Taney?
This are 5 ways the power of the US federal expanded during the Civil War?
What are: Instituted first draft, created uniform currency, first national income tax, expanded excise taxes, sold massive amounts of federal bonds, defined justifiable war measures more broadly, railroad subsidies, 13th Amendment abolished state slave laws, Homestead Act controlled distribution of western land?
These are 5 significant points about the Election of 1864?
What are: Lincoln ran with the Union Party (War Democrats + Republicans), McClellan ran as a Democrat, Copperhead Democrats proposed negotiating a settlement with the CSA, Lincoln selected a former southern senator (Johnson) to be his VP, Sherman helped assure Lincoln's victory with key wins during Sherman's March throughout the election season