US Expansion
This emerged as America's largest industry in the mid-1800s, enormously speeding up communication and transportation across the country.
What is the railroad industry.
This declared that enslaved people in the rebellious states of the Confederacy were free
What political group believed that blacks should be granted rights and Southerners deserved punishment, sought to change the balance of power between the President and Congress.
Who are Radical Republicans
This treaty effectively ended the Mexican-American War and granted the US territories in California, New Mexico and Utah.
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
People were divided politically during the mid-1800s due to immigration. Some Americans disliked the ethnicity or religion of the new immigrants or feared them as low-wage workers who might take their jobs. What two European countries did most of the immigrants come from during this time?
The Supreme Court opinion that excluded African Americans from citizenship rights in the United States, declaring them as property.
What is Dred Scott
What is the Fugitive Slave Law
A political party of northerners who opposed allowing slavery in the new territories, mainly to protect their opportunities for jobs.
What is the Free-Soil Party
What is sharecropping?
Former slaves or impoverished white farmers rented small plots of land from landowners, paying for their use by giving a portion of their crop yield to the landowner instead of cash rent, often trapping them in a cycle of debt and limited economic mobility
A land deal with Mexico in 1854, where the US bought a small strip of land in present-day southern Arizona and New Mexico for $10 million to secure a southern route for a railroad.
What is the Gadsen Purchase
Who was the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, an anti-slavery novel and most influential books of its day.
Who is Harriet Beecher Stowe
What did the Compromise of 1850 state (5 things)?
- California is a free state
- Slavery in remaining territories will be determined by popular sovereignty
- Land dispute with TX resolved by paying off their debts and giving land to new territories
- Ban slave trade in DC
- Adopt Fugitive Slave Law
What did Plessy vs. Ferguson establish?
Separate but equal is legal.
What was the Wilmot Proviso, why was it significant, and was it passed?
A proposal by Congressman David Wilmot in 1846 aimed to ban slavery in any new territories acquired from Mexico following the Mexican-American War. It was not passed but heightened sectional tensions between North and South.
What did the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 establish?
What were greenbacks?
Paper currency issued by the U.S. Treasury that was not backed by gold. The Union was in debt after the war, printing $430 million in greenbacks, raising tariffs, and adding taxes to add revenue. The greenbacks contributed to inflation.
What was the compromise that ended reconstruction and who became president?
Compromise of 1877 and Rutherford B. Hayes.