Westward Development: Economy
This law gave 160 acres of lands to mostly white families out west to keep, assuming they lived on it for 5 years and improved upon it in some way.
What is the Homestead Act?
This refers to the African American migrants who fled west from the South, escaping racial prejudice and poverty.
What are Exodusters?
Despite some gains in industrialization, this economic system saw most African-Americans in the South stuck in poverty and working the land of former slave owners.
What is sharecropping?
These two men monopolized the oil and steel industries respectively.
Who are John Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie?
This is the primary method labor unions use to achieve their goals, refusing to work until their demands are met.
What is striking?
This was the primary pull factor bringing immigrants into the United States.
What is economic opportunity (primarily in factory work)?
The middle class was mostly made up of these, the in-between of the workers and business owners.
What are managers (or white-collar workers)?
Presidents during the Gilded Age were this, and most major social and political decisions were left to state and city governments.
What is weak, ineffective, etc?
This led to low food prices and increased debt for small western farmers, as a result of new technologies like the sodbuster.
What is overproduction?
This event, caused by fear over the Ghost Dance Movement, all but ended Native American resistance to westward expansion and brought a close to the Indian Wars.
What is the Wounded Knee Massacre?
This method of voter suppression allowed only those who were literate OR who's grandfather could vote in 1867 to vote.
What is the "grandfather clause?"
This new process of blasting air into molten steel increased both the quality and quantity of steel, leading to lower prices and more widespread use.
What is the Bessemer Process or Bessemer Converter?
This was the first major interstate strike in American history, a reaction to wage cuts in that particular industry.
What is the Great Railroad Strike of 1877
These hubs, such as Chinatown and Little Italy, provided immigrants comfort in American cities and eased the transition to urban life.
What are ethnic neighborhoods (or ethnic enclaves)?
This philosophy, popularized by Andrew Carnegie, believed that the wealthy received their riches by the grace of God, and had a moral responsibility to use that wealth to better society.
What is the Gospel of Wealth?
This was the system of presidents giving out jobs to their supporters. This practice was ended after the assassination of James Garfield and the passage of the Pendleton Act, which introduced the Civil Service exam.
What is patronage (or what is the spoils system)?
This law saw the government give millions of acres of land to railroad companies, allowing for the building of the first transcontinental railroad.
What is the Pacific Railway Act?
This law broke up the American Indian reservations into 160 acre plots, hoping to assimilate Native Americans into American culture.
What is the 1887 Dawes Severalty Act?
This Supreme Court case saw the legalization of segregation throughout the South via the doctrine known as "separate but equal."
What is Plessey v. Ferguson?
This best described America's economic policy at the time, advocating for small government and an economy dictated by the free market, which allowed big business the freedom to grow.
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
The Knights of Labor, America's first major national union, which advocated for large scale reform of the American economy, fell into decline largely due to an anarchist bombing that became known as this.
What is the Haymarket Square Riot?
These were the primary regions from which the new immigrants of the Gilded Age arrived in America.
What are Southern and Eastern Europe?
This political philosophy, which advocated for government takeover of the economy and redistribution of wealth, gained popularity as a reaction to poor working conditions in the Gilded Age.
What is socialism?
Tammany Hall is an example of this, corrupt organizations that provided services to those living in the city in exchange for votes.
What are political machines?
This group, made up primarily of western farmers, banded together to fight against high railroad rates and corporate consolidation of farms.
What is the Grange Movement or Farmer's Alliance?
This essay argues that westward expansion was fundamental to American culture and rugged individualism, and that without it America would fall into class conflict.
What is Frederick Jackson Turner's Frontier Thesis?
This organization was founded by Civil Rights leader W.E.B. Du Bois, who advocated for immediate civil rights and social justice for African Americans.
What is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?
This is known as America's first big business, driving demand for coal, iron, steel, and other goods that grew the American economy.
What is the railroad industry?
This labor union, founded by Samuel Gompers, replaced the Knights of Labor, and only accepted skilled workers into their ranks.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
These ramshackle apartments were quickly built to accommodate the rapidly rising urban populations, lacking in space, plumbing, and windows.
What are tenements?
This movement, made up primarily of white, middle-class Protestants, believed that it was their God-given duty to provide assistance to the urban poor, which would eventually evolve into the Progressive Movement.
What is the Social Gospel?
William Jennings Bryan gave this speech, attacking the Gold Standard and earning the nominations of both the Populist Party and the Democrats.
What is the "Cross of Gold" Speech?
Before the Civil War, the Great Plains were referred to as this, due to its aridity and lack of water and timber.
What is the Great American Desert?
This infamous Indian school attempted to forcibly convert Native Americans into Christian culture, and saw over 10,000 attendants.
What is the Carlisle School?
The speech given by Booker T. Washington advocating for Blacks to focus on economic gains before social justice, was criticized by W.E.B. Dubois as this.
What is the Atlanta Compromise?
Investment banker J.P. Morgan bought Carnegie's steel company, combining it with other interests to create this, the first billion dollar corporation in world history.
What is United States Steel?
This event saw the federal government step in to stop railroad workers from striking, after the company attached federal mail to their train cars. An example of government siding with big business over workers.
What is the Pullman Strike?
The Hull House in Chicago, founded by Jane Addams, was an example of this, a place founded by middle class reformers to teach immigrants English and help them assimilate to American culture.
What are settlement houses?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony created this group, finally bridging the divide in the women's suffrage movement that had begun in the wake of the 15th amendment.
What is the National American Women's Suffrage Association?
These are three things that were a part of the Omaha Platform, the Populist Party's plan for the United States.
What is:
⭑The unlimited coinage of silver
⭑A graduated income tax
⭑Public ownership of railroads, telegraph, and telephone lines
⭑Government subsidies to assist in stabilizing agricultural prices
⭑An 8-hour workday
⭑The direct election of U.S. senators
⭑Increased voter power with the use of the initiative, referendum, and recall