Business
This derogatory term is a criticism of wealthy business owners such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, who workers felt abused their rights
What were "robber barons?"
This 1877 strike was the first nationwide strike and the first general strike in American history, paralyzing the transportation of goods across the country and demonstrating the growing unrest of the labor movement
What was the Great Railroad Strike?
This 1882 act ended the Burlingame Treaty, preventing all immigrants from the Qing Empire from entering the United States
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
These state laws enforced racial segregation and disenfranchisement of black people in the South, maintaining the white supremacist social hierarchy
What were Jim Crow laws?
This 1890 legislation prohibited corporate mergers or trusts that inhibited free trade, but it was instead often used to challenge the constitutionality of labor unions
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act?
This French term refers to the idea heavily promulgated by businesses that the government should not place restrictions upon their often predatory practices
What is laissez-faire?
This Democratic and Populist politician was famous for his support of the free silver movement and his opposition to the gold standard, cited in his "cross of gold" speech
Who was William Jennings Bryan?
This 1862 act allowed for the massive development of the trans-Mississippi West, granting 160 acres of free public land to settlers who improved it
What was the Homestead Act?
The landmark decision by the Supreme Court in this case declared laws providing for separate facilities for black and white people constitutional, saying they did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment as long as they were "separate but equal"
What was Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
This inventor, from his laboratories in Menlo Park and West Orange, revolutionized the use of electricity for business and industry
Who was Thomas Edison?
This business strategy was heavily employed by Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company, buying out his competition to become the only dominant oil company in the United States
What is horizontal expansion?
This 1892 strike in Pennsylvania by the Amalgamated Association against Carnegie Steel Company was crushed by Pinkerton detectives, demonstrating the steadfast resolution of business to not negotiate with labor
What was the Homestead Strike?
What was the Dawes Act?
This was the idea fomented by Southern white people that the Civil War was not about slavery, attempting to grant legitimacy to segregation and deeming Reconstruction an utter failure
What was the Lost Cause myth?
This theory, modeled after the recently discovered evolution, was championed by William Graham Sumner and argued that the successful had innate capabilities, while the poor laborers were "undeserving"
What was Social Darwinism?
This idea emerged from reinterpretations of the Fourteenth Amendment, citing that state laws should not be allowed to interfere with the right of laborers to choose how many hours they worked, especially being enforced in Lochner v. New York (1905)
What was liberty of contract?
This 1894 strike in Illinois by the American Railway Union, led by Eugene V. Debs, was crushed by the Cleveland administration, obtaining a federal court injunction on the basis of preventing interstate commerce
What was the Pullman Strike?
This Native American movement attempted to resist assimilation into white society, foretelling the elimination of white people and a return to tradition, culminating in the Wounded Knee massacre
What was the Ghost Dance?
This African-American leader promoted the idea in his Atlanta Compromise that black people should accept segregation from white communities and should instead do what they could do gain civil and political rights
Who was Booker T. Washington?
This war was fought starting in 1899 in the United States' new Pacific territory following the country's victory over Spain the previous year on the basis of "Christianizing" and "civilizing" the archipelago's inhabitants
What was the Philippine War?
This court case ruled that only the federal government could regulate railroads in interstate commerce, allowing them and other businesses to charge exorbitant fees
What was Wabash v. Illinois (1886)?
The American Federation of Labor, founded by this man, advocated for collective bargaining and union rights and focused on wage increases and hour reductions
Who was Samuel Gompers?
These industrial farms in the West, particularly in Dakota, used machinery to mass produce crops, functioning similar to factories
What were bonanza farms?
This failed economic idea by Atlanta editor Henry Grady involved the revival of the Southern economy through industrialization and agricultural diversification
What was the New South?
This 1883 act was passed by Congress following the assassination of President James A. Garfield by Charles Guiteau, ending the spoils system
What was the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act?