Westward Migration
The biggest farmer retaliation movement during westward expansion that fought for better regulation of corrupt railroad companies
The Grange Movement
The class that benefited most in this age of economic growth and the rise of consumerism
The Middle Class
The organization that believed the interests of workers and capitalists were fundamentally different and vowed to stand up for workers and workers' rights
Knights of Labor
A term for the group of people that critiqued the Gilded Age's extravagance and materialism and believed in a perfect society in which everyone was happy, and there were no sociopolitical or economic issues
Utopians
The political party that was also named "The People's Party", and had a diverse membership that felt that the government was no longer working to protect the interests of the people
Populist Party
The acts that granted 160 acres to any American citizen committed to Western migration and the betterment of the land they own
Laissez-Faire
A riot/bombing in which workers in Chicago gathered in a town square to protest police violence during a workers' strike earlier that year, and when an anarchist group set a bomb off, the police opened fire into the crowd and blamed the Knights of Labor for the violent event
Haymarket Riot of 1886
The movement that was created by the merging of farmers' alliances and the Knights of Labor in 1889 in order to fight for reduction of tariffs, regulation of railroads, direct election of senators, and an increase in money supply by moving away from the gold standard
National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union
The structure of taxes that the Populist party fought for, in which wealthier people pay more and poorer people pay less in taxes
Graduated Income Tax
Dry-farming
The business practice in which a corporation controls every step of the production and sale of their good/s
Vertical Integration
The president who broke several strikes and resisted certain labor unions during this time
Grover Cleveland
The term for the group of people that led a Christian movement that attempted to reform society by applying biblical principles to everyday life, and took issue with social Darwinism, placing the blame for poverty on the government
Social Gospel
The system or method by which presidents filled federal jobs post-election, in which supporters of that candidate showed up to beg for federal jobs
Patronage System
Boomtowns
The owner of Standard Oil Company and pioneer of the horizontal integration method in which corporations concentrate wealth by acquiring competition
John D. Rockefeller
A strike and boycott of a railroad company after the workers' wages were cut drastically following the Panic of 1893
Pullman Strike of 1894
A book that was made up of essays and photographs that portrayed how people in extreme poverty lived and critiqued the greed of the 1% and wealthy business owners
How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis
The scandal in which the Union Pacific Railroad Company set up a front organization to pay for the construction of the railroad, and then charged more than necessary through the front organization and pocketed the extra money
Credit Mobilier Scandal
The Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that regulatory oversight of railroad companies was constitutional
Munn v. Illinois
A severe economic depression that was caused mainly by the bankruptcy of a large railroad company, which caused other banks to fail, and coincided with a debt crisis among western farmers
The Panic of 1893
The only ethnic group that was excluded from joining the Knights of Labor (due to widespread hatred and exclusionary legislation)
Chinese people
A women's organization that was made up of a majority of middle-class white women and fought for more opportunities for women, arguing maternalism as a valid theory
General Federation of Women's Clubs
The name that people called the 1890 Congress, due to their passing the largest tariffs in history to benefit big business owners and corporations
Billion Dollar Congress