Go West, Young Nation
This 1862 law offered 160 acres of public land to settlers willing to live on and improve it for five years.
What is the Homestead Act?
These local organizations, founded in the 1860s and 1870s, helped farmers cooperate, share information, and push for railroad regulation.
What are the Granges (the Patrons of Husbandry)?
This Scottish-born industrialist used vertical integration to build a steel empire and later promoted philanthropy in his “Gospel of Wealth.”
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
Founded in 1869, this labor organization accepted skilled and unskilled workers, women, and many Black workers, aiming for broad social reforms.
What are the Knights of Labor?
The 1887 law that broke up tribal lands into individual allotments in an attempt to force Native Americans to adopt farming.
What is the Dawes Severalty Act?
In the late 19th century, “new immigrants” most often came from these two regions of Europe.
What are Southern and Eastern Europe?
Coined by Mark Twain, this phrase describes the late 19th century as a time of glittering prosperity hiding serious social problems.
What is the Gilded Age?
Completed in 1869 at Promontory Summit, Utah, this project linked the Atlantic and Pacific coasts by rail.
What is the transcontinental railroad?
This political party, formed in the early 1890s, issued the Omaha Platform calling for free silver, an income tax, and railroad regulation.
What is the Populist Party (People’s Party)?
This founder of Standard Oil used horizontal integration to gain control of most oil refining in the United States.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
Led by Samuel Gompers, this federation focused on skilled workers and “bread-and-butter” issues like wages and hours.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
The 1890 massacre in South Dakota that marked the violent suppression of the Ghost Dance movement.
What is the Wounded Knee Massacre?
This 1882 law was the first major federal immigration restriction, targeting laborers from a specific Asian nation.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
This ideology applied “survival of the fittest” to society and the economy, justifying wealth and inequality as natural.
What is Social Darwinism?
These post–Civil War cattle drives moved herds from Texas to railheads in Kansas towns like Abilene and Dodge City.
What are the cattle drives (or the Long Drive)?
This term describes a situation where prices fall and the value of money rises—hurting debtors like many Gilded Age farmers.
What is deflation?
This powerful financier reorganized failing railroads and later formed U.S. Steel, the first billion-dollar corporation.
Who is J. P. Morgan?
This 1886 event in Chicago, where a bomb exploded during a labor rally, helped turn public opinion against radical labor activism.
What is the Haymarket Affair (or Haymarket Riot)?
This 1876 battle, also known as Custer’s Last Stand, saw Lakota and Cheyenne warriors defeat the 7th Cavalry.
What is the Battle of Little Bighorn?
Overcrowded urban apartment buildings with poor light and sanitation, often home to immigrant families, were known by this term.
What are tenements?
In his famous “Cross of Gold” speech, this 1896 presidential candidate argued against a strict gold standard.
Who is William Jennings Bryan?
This device, patented by Joseph Glidden, helped farmers fence the Great Plains cheaply and ended the open range.
What is barbed wire?
Western and Southern advocates of “free coinage” wanted the U.S. to expand the money supply by coining this metal alongside gold.
What is silver?
This term describes controlling every stage of production, from raw materials to transportation to finished product.
What is vertical integration?
This violent 1892 conflict at a Pennsylvania steel mill pitted striking workers against private Pinkerton guards and state militia.
What is the Homestead Strike?
This religious movement promised Native peoples the restoration of their lands and the disappearance of whites if they performed a special ritual.
What is the Ghost Dance movement?
This photographer and author of How the Other Half Lives used vivid images to expose the realities of New York City slums.
Who is Jacob Riis?
Passed in 1883 after the assassination of President Garfield, this law began civil service reform by requiring exams for certain federal jobs.
What is the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
African Americans who migrated from the South to Kansas in the late 1870s in search of land and freedom were known by this biblical nickname.
Who were the Exodusters?
These state-level laws, backed by farmer organizations, tried to set maximum rates that railroads could charge for freight and storage.
What are Granger laws?
This 1890 federal law was intended to prohibit business combinations “in restraint of trade,” but was initially weak and selectively enforced.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
This 1894 strike at a model company town near Chicago led to federal injunctions and troops, revealing the government’s willingness to side with business.
What is the Pullman Strike?
This 1881 book by Helen Hunt Jackson exposed a long history of broken treaties and abuses toward Native Americans by the U.S. government.
What is A Century of Dishonor*?*
Powerful organizations like Tammany Hall that traded jobs and services for votes, often engaging in corruption, are known as these.
What are political machines?
Andrew Carnegie’s belief that wealthy men should act as trustees of their fortunes and fund public institutions was known by this phrase.
What is the Gospel of Wealth?
FINAL JEOPARDY
RICH PHILANTHROPY
Critics of the Gospel of Wealth argued that Carnegie’s philanthropy could not erase this fundamental contradiction: his donations were financed by low wages, long hours, and anti-union tactics in this key industry.
What is the steel industry?