More Westward Expansion
A major catalyst for westward expansion after the Civil War was the passage of this 1862 law, which allowed Americans to buy plots of land for very cheap prices
What is the Homestead Act?
This Scottish immigrant became a steel magnate and philanthropist, building the US Steel company through the use of vertical integration
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" rejected this major strain of thought in America during this time period; namely, that the rich owed the poor/immigrant population nothing, and that those who were the "fittest" would survive
What is social Darwinism?
The only Democratic president during the Gilded Age was this man, the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms
Who is Grover Cleveland?
This political party earned support in western states in the late 1800s through an ambitious agenda aimed at reining in the excesses of the Gilded Age
What is the Populist Party?
In 1869, this was completed when Leland Stanford ceremonially tapped in the "Last Spike" in Promontory, Utah
What is the transcontinental railroad?
This oil magnate built the Standard Oil company through horizontal integration, and is regarded as perhaps the richest American of all time
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
Unlike the "Old Immigrants" of the mid-1800s, the "New Immigrants" of the late 19th and early 20th centuries predominantly came from this region of Europe (there are two main answers for this, but you only need to give one)
What are Southern and Eastern Europe?
This 1896 Supreme Court case upheld the Jim Crow laws that had been passed in the South since the end of Reconstruction, and established the principle of "separate but equal"
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This 1890 law gave the federal government the power to break up monopolies and other unfair business practices; it was not really enforced until Theodore Roosevelt's presidency a decade later
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
American military efforts in the West during this time period were mostly successful in defeating native uprisings, with the notable exception of this general's "last stand" at Little Bighorn in 1876
Who is General George Custer?
Industrial consolidation led many to get rich on Wall Street, none more so than this banker and financier, whose wealth became so vast that he gave the US government a personal loan during an economic crisis
Who is JP Morgan?
Some immigrant groups were targeted for particular discrimination, as in this 1882 law, which banned immigrants from a certain country from coming to the US
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
Who is Boss Tweed?
One of the leading Populists was William Jennings Bryan, who ran for president three times and gave an 1896 speech against federal monetary policy known as the "cross of" this
What is gold?
In 1893, this man's famous "Frontier Thesis" discussed the importance of the western frontier in cultivating American values like democracy and egalitarianism
Who is Frederick Jackson Turner?
Technological and scientific advancements helped spur industrialization, such as electricity and this process which accelerated the steel-making process
What is the Bessemer process?
What is the Haymarket riot?
During Benjamin Harrison's presidency, Congress earned this nickname, based on the size of the budget that they passed
What is the Billion Dollar Congress?
A mass movement of African-Americans from the South to Northern cities began soon after this time period; it was known by this two-word term
What is the Great Migration?
This destructive 1887 law allowed the federal government to take land from Native Americans in order to force them to assimilate to American culture
What is the Dawes Act?
Carnegie was a philanthropist who wanted to give his money away carefully for the public benefit (as he defined it); he outlined these views in an 1889 article (THAT WE READ) with this title
What is "The Gospel of Wealth"?
Two major places of entry for immigrants were Ellis Island in New York, and this other island in San Francisco, where most immigrants from Asia were processed
What is Angel Island?
This president sought to bring about civil service reform, but was assassinated by a deranged office seeker in 1881; his successor, Chester Arthur, helped pass the Pendleton Civil Service Act in his honor
Who is James Garfield?
Although labor unions struggled to win victories over big business during this time period, some unions had a lasting impact, such as the Knights of Labor and this other union, led by Samuel Gompers, which still exists today
What is the American Federation of Labor?