Industrial Rev. & Gilded Age
Corporations or companies that controlled every phase of a business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing and distribution.
Vertical Integration
A region whose definition shifted as the population expanded, a place of opportunity for those seeking to improve their condition of life.
The West
The first group to try to organize unskilled, skilled, women, men and minorities (excluding Asian immigrants) reaching peak membership in 1886.
The Knights of Labor
Prominent black leader who emphasized economic self-help and individual advancement into the middle class as an alternative to restrictions in the political atmosphere.
Booker T. Washington
Alaska
Supported the belief that the government was only to protect the wealth of those that had achieved it and not upset the social balance created by nature.
William Graham Sumner (Social Darwinism)
Estimated 40-60k African Americans migrated to Kansas seeking political equality, freedom from violence, access to education, and economic opportunity.
Exodus of 1879 (Exodusters)
Haymarket Affair 1886
Late 19th century movement that established relief programs in urban areas, combatted child labor, encouraged better working-class housing, and promoted reform to support the labor movement.
Social Gospel
Adopted by Congress in 1898 stating the US had no intention of annexing or dominating the island of Cuba.
Teller Amendment
The Supreme Court invoked "liberty" of contract between the employer and employee as a celebration of personal freedom.
Lochner vs. New York, 1905 (Lochnerism)
This Act broke up land of nearly all tribes into smaller parcels to be distributed to families and the remainder auctioned to white purchasers.
In this case the Supreme Court confirmed the sentences of Pullam Strike labor leaders and approved the use of injunctions against striking unions.
In re Debs
Political party that adopted a list of proposals such as the direct election of senators in order to restore democracy and economic opportunity.
Populist Party
Announced in 1899 by Secretary of State John Hay, demanding European powers grant equal access to American exports in China.
Open Door Policy
Gilded Age's most notorious scandal in 1872, found illegal manipulation of federal government contracts by a construction and finance corporation that damaged the reputation of several politicians.
Credit Mobilier Scandal
Founded in 1894 by a group of Boston professionals calling for reducing immigration by barring the illiterate from entering the country.
Immigration Restriction League
The 19th century's most widely publicized confrontation between labor and capital in 1892 that represented the view that Americans were denied economic independence and democratic self-government.
Homestead Strike
Members called on state governments to establish fair freight rates and create commissions to investigate and regulate railroad practices.
Granger Movement
Declared Puerto Rico an "insular territory" different from previous territories by establishing a civilian government upheld until 1917.
Foraker Act of 1900
Created a merit system for federal employees with appointment via competitive examinations rather than political influence.
Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883
The California Supreme Court ordered San Francisco to admit Chinese students to public schools in this ruling; in response segregated schools were created.
Tape v. Hurley, 1885
The name for the AFL policies Samul Gompers pioneered that embraced the idea of "freedom of contract".
"Business Unionism"
Leader of the National American Woman Suffrage Association who suggested that by extending the vote to native-born white women would help counteract the "ignorant foreign vote"
Carrie Chapman Catt
Anti-Imperialist League