Economic Development
What is Vertical integration?
When a company acquires all the complementary industries that support its business.
The railroads were built primarily by Irish and ____________ immigrants
Chinese
The idea that the wealthy had earned their money and if someone was poor it was their own fault.
Social Darwinism
What is the Bessemer Process?
A process for making steel of much stronger quality
What was country's first major strike, spawning violence and briefly paralyzing the country's commerce?
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
What term refers to the attempt at industrializing and modernizing the economy of the South after Reconstruction?
"New South"
What were organized groups that helped immigrants get settled in return for votes, then maintained their control through a system of patronage, bribery, and manipulation.
politcal machines
Jim Crow Laws
What is Horizontal Integration?
One company eventually buys out all its competitors until there is effectively no competition left.
Why didn't unions like immigrants?
They would pass picket lines and work for less pay, leading to wage depression
Agricultural group that preceded/helped bring about the Populists
Grange or Farmer's Alliance
What put an end to distinct Indian cultures through education vocational training and Christianized them?
Carlisle Schools
This law outlawed monopolies and allowed the government to break up companies that restricted free trade; not very successful
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Who forced competitors to sell their companies, eliminating the competition?
John D. Rockefeller
What was the first major union to develop in the 1870s?
Knights of Labor
Which policy gave potential migrants free land out rest on the condition they would farm it and settle in it?
Homestead Act of 1862
What policy allowed American Indians to become citizens under the condition that they settled on that land?
Dawes Act of 1887
What was the result of Plessy vs Ferguson 1896?
Made "separate but equal" constitutional
Along with homesteaders, ______________ hampered cattle drives, forcing transportation to switch entirely to rail
barbed wire
What was a strike against a Carnegie factory, which was crushed by Pinkertons?
Homestead Act
Argue that the industrial tycoons of the Gilded Age were either Robber Barons or Captains of Industry, and use SFI.
Robber Barons: exploited lack of government regulation and minimum wage, created unsafe work environments
Captains of Industry: economic growth and jobs created outweighed negative effects; pioneered new inventions and transportations; gave back to community
How did the Gilded Age lead to the development of a middle class?
The rapid industrialization and growth of large corporations created a need for a significant number of white-collar workers like managers, clerks, and professionals.
What are two differences between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois?
Washington: believed that African-Americans should keep their head down, work, and obey Jim Crow laws
DuBois: believed that education would set African-Americans free, should protest Jim Crow Laws, Talented 10th
How was technology intricately linked with the economic and social shifts of the Gilded Age?
Fueled by oil, steel, and electricity, railroads, factories, telegraph wires, and other industries boomed, moving people, goods, and information at new, accelerated rates.
Evaluate the extent to which nativist sentiments changed during the Gilded Age.
nativist sentiment significantly increased as a large influx of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe arrived, causing anxieties among native-born Americans who feared these newcomers would undermine American culture, take jobs, and threaten their way of life, leading to the rise of organizations like the American Protective Association and the Immigration Restriction League