Progressive Era
Journalists and writers Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Jacob Riis, who wrote The Jungle, The History of the Standard Oil Company, and How the Other Half Lives respectively, are examples of this kind of reformer
What is a muckraker?
President Theodore Roosevelt famously asserted that he took control over this region in Latin America in 1903 as part of his "big stick" diplomacy
What was the Panama Canal Zone?
This cultural movement of African-American people spread widely throughout the urban areas of the North, exposing white people to black culture
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
This revolutionary 1935 act of the Second New Deal, deemed "Labor's Magna Carta," guaranteed the right of unions to collective bargaining and empowered the National Labor Relations Board to supervise labor-business relations
What was the Wagner Act?
In order to end the war against Japan with the least amount of casualties, President Harry S. Truman ordered the use of this "most terrible weapon" on two Japanese cities
What was the atomic bomb?
Known as "spearheads for reform," these institutions, including Jane Addams' Hull House in Chicago, helped to aid the new immigrants of Southern and Eastern Europe
What were settlement houses?
This secret diplomatic communication in 1917 most directly contributed to the American declaration of war on Germany
What was the Zimmermann Telegram?
This decision by the Supreme Court in this 1919 court case argued that Congress had the right to prohibit speech that created a "clear and present danger"
What was Schenck v. United States (1919)?
As a result of anti-New Deal decisions in Schechter v. United States (1935) and United States v. Butler (1936), invalidating the National Recovery Administration and Agricultural Adjustment Act, FDR threatened to do this to the Supreme Court
What was "court packing?"
This iconic cultural symbol encouraged American women to enter the workforce, marking a significant shift in traditional gender roles during World War II
What was Rosie the Riveter?
In the "Oregon System", these three powers are granted to the voters, enabling them to publicly propose new laws, vote on laws in the legislature, and call for the removal of public officials
What are initiative, referendum, and recall?
This movement, starting in the 1910s, saw the mass exodus of millions of black people from the rural South into industrial centers in the North
What was the First Great Migration?
Following the National Woman's Party and Alice Paul's victory in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women voting rights, they decided to campaign for this amendment to gain complete and equal access to employment and education
What was the Equal Rights Amendment?
As part of the First New Deal, this government agency built dams along rivers and provided electricity to the poor, rural people of the Deep South
What was the Tennessee Valley Authority?
This crucial 1944 legislation rewarded veterans who served in the armed forces by granting free college education, job training, and home mortgages
What was the GI Bill?
This man believed in spiritual connections to nature, believing that people must preserve natural regions and founding the Sierra Club as a result
Who was John Muir?
As part of his Fourteen Points, President Woodrow Wilson insisted upon the creation of this organization, which he believed would unite the countries of the world and stop war, but Congress' disapproval led to its rejection of the Treaty of Versailles
What was the League of Nations?
This 1924 legislation established strict immigration quotas based on nation, heavily restricting Southern and Eastern Europeans and banning Asians from entering the country and creating the term "illegal alien"
What was the Johnson-Reed Act?
This "Kingfish" of Louisiana believed that the New Deal was too slow at recovering the economy and relieving the financial crisis of the poor, calling in his Share Our Wealth movement to redistribute the wealth of the rich to give $5,000 to everyone
Who was Huey Long?
This 1945 meeting between the "Big Three" powers of the United States, United Kingdom, and USSR, negotiated the Soviet entrance in the war against Japan but also established heavy Soviet influence over the states of Eastern Europe
What was the Yalta Conference?
This extremely powerful corporation founded by J. P. Morgan, holding the Northern Pacific Railway, Great Northern Railway, and CB&Q Railroad, was prosecuted and dismantled by President Theodore Roosevelt under the Sherman Antitrust Act
What was the Northern Securities Company?
These acts in 1917 and 1918 silenced opposition to the Great War by criminalizing criticisms of the draft from the Selective Service Act and criminalizing criticisms to American participation in the war
What were the Espionage and Sedition Acts?
This 1920 campaign slogan by Warren G. Harding advocated for a repudiation of Progressivism and its interests, demonstrating a desire for isolationism
What was "return to normalcy?"
This 1930 act furthered the severity of the Great Depression, reducing international trade by inspiring protectionist taxes abroad
What was the Smoot-Hawley Tariff?
This 1941 law circumvented the Neutrality Acts by agreeing to temporary supply the Allies with weapons and other equipment on the condition that it must be returned
What was the Lend-Lease Act?