American Imperialism
America acquired this Pacific territory in 1898 after overthrowing their monarch, largely to better profit off their sugar plantations.
What is Hawaii?
Sensationalistic reporting that featured bold and lurid headlines of crime, disaster, and scandal. Papers printed exaggerated and false accounts of Spanish atrocities in Cuba.
What is Yellow Journalism?
Upton Sinclair was the muckraker who wrote this book which exposed the meatpacking industry and the troubles associated with it, leading to the Meat Inspection Act and Food Safety Act.
The Jungle
These were the two military alliances of World War I, consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey vs. France, Russia, Britain, and (later) the United States
What are the Central Powers and Triple Entente?
This was triggered by the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. Americans were very paranoid and scared that Communism would overtake America.
The Red Scare
This innovation became the most popular good in the 1920s, and drove growth in other American industries such as steel, oil, and rubber.
What are automobiles?
American culture in the 1920s was best described as this, a strong love of buying the newest products.
What is consumerism?
These shantytowns of the unemployed were named this to mock the president overseeing the Great Depression.
What are Hoovervilles?
The informal radio talks President FDR had with Americans during the Great Depression.
What are fireside chats?
Japan bombed this US naval and air force base, in response to a US embargo on selling oil to Japan. The US responded by declaring war on Japan and officially entering WWII on the side of the Allies.
What is Pearl Harbor?
This became a symbol of the American female factory worker who went to work during WWII, encouraging patriotism and encouraging women to take jobs traditionally held by men.
What is Rosie the Riveter?
These two cities in Japan were subject to nuclear bombing, leading to the surrender of Japan on what became known as V-J Day (Victory over Japan Day).
What are Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
Antiimperialists thought America should adhere to this, an idea present in George Washington's Farewell Address.
What is isolationism?
A United States ship that sunk in Havana, Cuba. Initially blamed on Spain, it was later ruled an accident.
What is the USS Maine?
This group of Americans were considered the primary drivers of Progressive policy and reform.
What are middle-class white women?
This German policy mandated the sinking of any ship, military or otherwise, that entered into the warzone; this led to the sinking of many civilian ships, including the RMS Lusitania, angering the American public.
What is unrestricted submarine warfare?
The movement of approximately 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the urban north in the late 19th to mid 20th Centuries, trying to escape racial persecution and seek economic opportunity.
What is the Great Migration?
This innovation allowed workers to stand in one spot and do repetitive tasks over and over, increasing productivity.
What is the assembly line?
These women drove, smoked in public, drank, and wore dresses hemmed at the knee, representing women's liberation in the 1920s.
What are flappers?
This day is considered the beginning of the Great Depression, when the underlying
What is Black Tuesday?
The New Deal was meant to do these three things, commonly referred to as the "3 Rs."
What is relief for the unemployed, recovery for businesses, and reform of economic institutions?
This law, which Roosevelt forced through Congress, permitted the United States to loan armaments to England, which no longer had money to buy the tools of war.
What is the Lend-Lease Act?
This slogan was adopted by Civil Rights leaders to encourage African Americans to support the war effort, arguing that fascism abroad and racism at home must be defeated.
What is the Double V (Double Victory) Campaign?
This, the largest naval invasion in human history, saw a joint effort of British, American, and other allied soldiers storm the beaches of Normandy, France to liberate Europe from Nazy occupation.
What is D-Day?
Anti-imperialists believed in this, the idea that every people has a right to govern themselves.
What is self-determination?
The United States acquired these territories from Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish American War, as a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1898.
What are Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam, and the Philippines
These democratic reforms were pushed by Progressive reformers to put political power back in the hands of the people.
What are the Secret Ballot, Initiative, Referendum, and Recall?
This treaty ended World War I, heavily punishing Germany and creating the League of Nations. The United States Senate refused to ratify this treaty, fearing that the League of Nations would drag America into foreign conflicts.
What is the Treaty of Versailles?
These two laws prohibited people from criticizing the war effort or the government, as well as encouraging others to avoid the draft, violating the spirit of the First Amendment.
What are the Espionage and Sedition Acts?
These new forms of entertainment created a more unified, national culture, while also highlighting regional differences within the country.
What is the radio and movies?
This group saw a resurgence in the 1920s, targeting Catholics, Jews, African-Americans, and immigrants, finding national appeal in a decade of nativism.
What is the Ku Klux Klan?
This practice saw people, banks, and businesses taking out loans to buy stocks, artificially inflating the stock market. When the stock market crashed, many of these institutions could no longer pay of their loans, leading to bankruptcy and economic collapse.
What is buying on the margin?
This New Deal Program gave retirement pensions to seniors, to ensure the elderly had a fixed income when they could not longer work.
What is the Social Security Act?
This conference set limits on stockpiling armaments and reaffirmed the Open Door Policy toward China, an attempt by the United States to maintain world peace in the aftermath of World War I.
This was the name given to the development and testing of the atomic bomb, led by J. Robert Oppenheimer, which would later be used in Hiroshima and Nagasaki against Japan.
The Manhattan Project
This battle is widely considered the turning point in the Pacific Theatre and saw the American navy sink 4 Japanese aircraft carriers while losing only 1 of their own, halting Japanese expansion in the Pacific.
Alfred Thayer Mahan argued this in his book, "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History."
What is the need for a strong navy and coaling (refueling) stations for that navy.
America under Theodore Roosevelt built this, in order to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and connect the American empire.
What is the Panama Canal?
These two laws were passed and enforced during the Progressive Era in order to more aggressively break up monopolies.
What are the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and Clayton Anti-Trust Act?
The discovery of this disclosed Germany's promise to help Mexico attack the US if the US declared war on Germany.
Zimmerman Telegram
This Supreme Court decision declared that the federal government could limit the First Amendment if their was a "clear and present danger" to the speech.
What is Schenk v. United States?
These new innovations transformed household life, particularly for women, who now found themselves with more free time.
What are vacuum cleaners, washing machines, refrigerators, etc?
The trial of a high school teacher in Tennessee for teaching the theory of evolution in violation of state law. The teacher was found guilty and the trial was closely followed by the public.
The Scopes "Monkey" Trial
Hoover created this in an attempt to protect US factories from foreign competition. This backfired though, because European nations stopped buying US goods.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
The New Deal transformed the United States away from a laissez-faire capitalist society into this, where the government provides for some needs of its people and involves itself in the economy.
What is a limited welfare state?
These laws, passed in 1935, 1936, and 1937, attempted to keep America isolated from foreign conflicts. It included provisions such as authorized the president to prohibit all arms shipments and to forbid U.S. citizens to travel on the ships of belligerent nations, forbade the extension of loans and credits to belligerents, and forbade the shipment of arms to the opposing sides in the civil war in Spain, which had broken out in 1936.
What are the Neutrality Acts?
This Supreme Court decision said Japanese internment during WWII, done by Roosevelt with Executive Order 9066, was in fact constitutional because it was during a time of war and in the name of national security.
What is Korematsu v. US?
This strategy in the Pacific Theatre saw American forces bypass heavily fortified islands, opting for less fortified targets as to isolate Japanese holdings and force them to surrender.
What is island-hopping?
These people believed that domestic turmoil and tension could be relieved by having a robust foreign policy and engaging in imperialism.
What are jingoes?
These three polices dominated American foreign policy during the three Progressive Presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.
What are the Big Stick Diplomacy, Dollar Diplomacy, and Moral Diplomacy?
Collectively referred to as the "Progressive Amendments," the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th amendment did these things respectively.
What are the federal income tax, made senators directly elected by the people, introduced Prohibition, and granted women the right to vote.
Wilson's plan for a post war world, including Freedom of the Seas, the Right to Self-Determination, and the League of Nations.
What are Wilson's 14 Points?
This event saw race riots erupt across American northern cities, largely as a result of African American migration there during the war.
What is the Red Summer?
Americans, buying things they could not afford, did this in order to fund their extravagant, consumerist lifestyles.
What is buying on credit or taking out loans?
These were passed to reduce the number of "new" immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, and were a response to increased nativism.
What is the Quota Act of 1921 and the National Origins Act?
These four things were the underlying weaknesses in the American economy, exacerbated by the Stock Market Crash and leading to the Great Depression.
What is buying on the margin? What is a weak international economy, overproduction, underproduction, and laisez-faire regulation?
Franklin Roosevelts plan to overcome efforts to judicially challenge the New Deal.
What is the Judicial Reorganization Act or court-packing scheme?
When war broke out, Congress relented with this additional neutrality act, which allowed arms sales as long as purchasers: (1) pay cash for their weapons, and (2) come to the United States to pick up their purchases and carry them away on their own ships. Though technically neutral, it heavily favored Britain.
What is "cash and carry?"
This WWII government agency was responsible for regulating almost every aspect of civilians’ lives by freezing prices, wages, and rents and rationing such commodities as meat, sugar, gasoline, and auto tires, primarily to fight wartime inflation. An example of increased government power during the war.
What is the Office of Price Administration?
This was the name given for the battle for naval dominance between Ameria, Britain, and Germany. Thanks to advancements in radar and sonar, Allied forces were able to counter German submarines.
What is the Battle of the Atlantic?