Other Important Stuff
At the end of WWII, 50 nations met at a conference to discuss how to avoid future conflicts and chartered this organization
What is the United Nations?
A Black Muslim leader of the Nation of Islam, he urged African Americans to protect themselves using “any means necessary.” He was shot while giving a speech in NYC.
Who is Malcom X?
Following the Soviet launch of Sputnik, the first satellite in space, America was pressured to beat the USSR in the Space Race. Eisenhower signed the bill creating this organization to conduct aerospace research.
NASA
Soviets backed a communist invasion leading to the first proxy war between the USSR and America. The conflict ended with an armistice in 1953.
What is the Korean War?
David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel. U.S. President Harry S. Truman recognized the new nation on the same day.
What is Israel?
President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed this former governor of California, as chief justice of the Supreme Court and he oversaw several key Civil Rights cases.
Who is Chief Justice Earl Warren?
Signed by President Johnson, this enforced the rights guaranteed by the 15th Amendment and outlawed voter discrimination based on race, as well as disenfranchisement methods such as literacy tests.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Truman approved the development of ____________________, which was 1,000 more powerful than the atom bomb.
What is the Hydrogen Bomb?
Northern Vietnamese forces led a massive surprise attack on the Vietnamese New Year known ________________. It was the turning point in the war as many questioned American leadership and whether victory was possible.
What is the Tet Offensive?
After America supplied Israeli forces during the Arab-Israeli War, _____________________declared an oil embargo in retaliation. This caused shortages and gas lines across the nation and American oil prices rose by 40%.
What is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)?
In this landmark case, the Supreme Court declared school segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution, overturning the principle of “separate but equal” established by Plessy v.Ferguson.
What is Brown v Board of Education?
Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded this organization in Oakland, CA. The group focused on Black nationalism, armed self defense, and fighting against police brutality.
What is the Black Panther Party?
US pilot Francis Gary Powers plane was shot down while on a spy mission by Soviet defense systems. This was controversial as Eisenhower and Khrushchev had recently agreed to work on easing Cold War tensions. This became known as
What is the U2 Incident?
The New York Times released these secret documents from the Dept. of Defense exposing information about Vietnam. These showed the Johnson administration had lied about the scope of the war.
What are the Pentagon Papers?
Peace agreement orchestrated by President Jimmy Carter between Egyptian and Israeli leaders that established a framework for peace between the two countries and in the Middle East.
What is the Camp David Accords?
Rachel Carson’s book, "Silent Spring" brought awareness to the effects of pesticides on the environment. Attention from her book later influenced the creation of the
What is the Environmental Protection Agency?
Protesters marched from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama to ensure voting rights for African Americans. March 7 became known as _________ as the marchers were beaten by white state troopers.
What is “Bloody Sunday?”
the US and USSR signed _________________and agreed to limit the number of ballistic missiles and missile deployment sites. This demonstrated Nixon and Kissinger’s policy of détente, easing Cold War tensions.
What is SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)?
Following an alleged attack of U.S. naval ships in Vietnam, congress passed _________________allowing the president to take military action in Vietnam without a formal declaration of war.
What is the Gulf of Tonkin resolution?
militants stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took 66 American citizens hostage. The Carter administration failed to negotiate the release of the hostages, and ________________ lasted for 444 days.
What is the Iranian Hostage Crisis?
Executive Order 9981 signed by Truman abolished _______________________
Segregation in the armed forces
The Ohio National Guard was called when students ______________________protested against the expansion of the Vietnam war into Cambodia. Troops shot into the crowd, killing four students.
What is Kent State University?
During the Red Scare, these Americans were accused of passing information about the atomic bomb to the Soviets. They were controversially convicted and executed for espionage.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Considered one of the most horrific events in the Vietnam War, American soldiers assaulted and killed 500 civilians during a “search and destroy” mission, including women and children in the village
What is the Mai Lai Massacre?
The crisis erupted over control of a key waterway. American allies pressured Eisenhower to send military aid, but he was worried it would be seen as imperialistic and drive Arab nations towards communism.
What is the Suez Canal Crisis?