People
This man used Frederick W. Taylor's principles of scientific management to create assembly ines when producing his automobiles. It was also this man's goal to create an automobile that would be priced so an average American family could purchase one.
Who is Henry Ford.
This movement took place when a New York City neighborhood became the center of 1920s African American culture. Largely through white patronage, creative African Americans fostered the movement. Writers like Langston Hughes expressed the joy and pain of being African American. Art by names like Sterling Brown brought African American culture into socialites' homes. Jazz musicians like Duke Ellington became successful and traveled the country. The movement had little impact beyond New York, where most Americans never realized cultural rebirth had occurred.
What is the Harlem Renaissance.
The Bush administration enacted this act, which broadly expanded the government's ability to monitor the activities of Americans and conduct investigations of people suspected of terrorism.
What is the USA Patriot Act.
This court case involved an elementary school student who had to leave her home over an hour early to travel across town to attend the all-black school. The NAACP encouraged the student's family to file suit on the grounds that her right to equal protection had been violated. Lawyer Thurgood Marshall argued that the 14th Amendment guaranteed all citizens equal protection, which meant equal opportunity. This ruling overturned Plessy v. Ferguson.
What is Brown v. Board of Education.
These women were so named because they cut their hair into short "bobs," wore short skirts, rolled down their stockings to reveal their knees, drank alcohol, and danced the "Charleston." Their numbers were few, but their behavior was very public and brought about concerns among America's Christian community.
What are Flappers.
This man led the once nonviolent SNCC in 1966. Under his leadership, the group rejected integration and began touting "Black Power." He left SNCC for the Oakland, California-based Black Panthers, who openly carried weapons and clashed with police on a regular basis.
Who is Stokely Carmichael.
This peace agreement occurred when President Carter invited Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin to meet at the presidential retreat in Maryland. Sadat and Begin discussed peace options while Carter acted as mediator. This peace agreement was signed in September of 1978. The treaty served as the first step toward peace in the Middle East since the founding of the State of Israel in 1948.
What is the Camp David Accords.
In June 1947, Truman's secretary of state masterminded this plan to give Western Europe massive amounts of financial assistance and political support for rebuilding democratic forms of government. Congress readily approved this plan, which would supply $3 billion in aid over a four-year period. This plan was an economic miracle for Western Europe. By the end of the era the region was entirely self-sufficient, and communism had been contained away from vulnerable countries.
What is the Marshall Plan.
Broadened the definition of commerce and established that a state cannot interfere with Congress's right to regulate interstate commerce.
What is Gibbons v. Ogden.
This program encourages displaced Mexican Americans to return to the United States as migrant farm laborers. Under this program, both former U.S. residents and Mexican nationals freely crossed into the United State to work during harvest season; many remained north of the border to liver permanently.
What is the Bracero Program.
in 1958, this Soviet Premier demanded the removal of Westerners from Berlin within six months. He later joined forces with Fidel Castro to threaten U.S. national security.
Who is Nikita Khrushchev.
This is the term given to the Great Plains where a severe drought hit, killing all of the crops of the region. The topsoil turned to a fine, powdery dust that blew away with the sever, hot winds that wreaked havoc on the farmers who remained. The area earned this name because Plains farmers saw their land literally blown away.
What is the Dust Bowl.
This 1964 resolution greatly increased the power of the executive branch to engage in war. It came about as a result of LBJ's announcement that a North Vietnamese gun boat had carried out an unprovoked attack on two U.S. destroyers off the coast of North Vietnam. The president used the incident to immediately ask Congress for an increase in his authority to wage war in Vietnam without an actual war declaration.
What is the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
Established the principle of "one person, one vote" and made such patterns of representation illegal. The Court asserted that the federal courts had the right to tell states to reapportion their districts for more equal representation.
What is Baker v. Carr.
This 1963 book by Betty Friedan encouraged women to leave the myth of homemaking behind and pursue fulfillment outside of the home. She called into question the notion that women were meant to remain at home to care for a husband and children and stead spoke of opportunities for women to become successful in the business world.
What is The Feminine Mystique.
This young Jamaican immigrant formed the United Negro Improvement Association and encouraged African Americans to form a separate community from white society. Unfortunately for the movement, he was arrested and convicted for tax fraud and was deported back to Jamaica in 1929.
Who is Marcus Garvey.
This violent uprising occurred when sailors roamed the streets of Los Angeles and Long Beach looking for Mexican American teens who wore long coats, flashy colors, and long hair styles. The sailors beat the young men, ruined their clothes, cut their hair, and even raped their female companions.
What is the Zoot Suit Riots.
This pact, signed in 1928 at the end of Coolidge's term, made offensive wars illegal throughout the world. Unfortunately, the pact did not have any teeth - it did not prohibit defensive warfare or provide punishment to countries that disobeyed the pact.
What is the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
Held that defendants have the right to be represented by counsel in state trails and that lawyers must be provided to defendants who cannot afford to pay for them.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright.
This group of WWI veterans marched on Washington in 1932 to demand early release of money promised by Congress. They set up a makeshift encampment around the Capitol. Eventually the group was joined by thousands more veterans and their families. Demands were not met, and a clash ensued with police that resulted in the deaths of two marchers.
What is the Bonus Army.
This man advocated a federal tax that would provide $200 a month for every retired American over the age of 60. His Old Age Pension plan gathered millions of supporters who agreed that if retirees were given this pension and required to spend it all within a month, it would help to stimulate the economy. President Roosevelt decided that he would opt for a much less radical plan, which became the Social Security Act. After its passage, this man criticized the president for not pushing for more.
Who is Dr. Francis Townsend.
This war broke out in October of 1973 between Israel and the coalition of Syria and Egypt. The war was over quickly, as the aid from the United States greatly boosted Israeli forces.
What is the Yom Kippur War.
President Roosevelt issued this order in reaction to the paranoia of the War Department that American citizens of Japanese ancestry might turn against their adopted country to aid Japan in an invasion of the West Coast. These citizens were given less than 48 hours to vacate their homes. Carrying only what they could, internees arrived in dusty camps and lived in tarpaper shacks until the war'send. Once the families returned home, they found their property taken over by other families. The government agreed in 1988 for formally apologize for internment, paying surviving families $20,000.
What is Executive Order 9066.
Held that colleges and universities may consider a person's race as one factor in admission policies
What is Regents of the University of California v. Bakke.
This idea of President Hoover's stated that anyone could become a success if he or she worked hard enough.
What is rugged individualism.