Period 1: 1491-1607
This Spanish labor system forced Native Americans to work for colonists in exchange for supposed protection and Christian conversion.
What is the encomienda system?
This colony, founded in 1607, became the first permanent English settlement in North America.
What is Jamestown?
This war between Britain and France, known in Europe as the Seven Years’ War, increased British debt and led to new taxes on the colonies.
What is the French and Indian War?
This 1840s reform movement sought to limit or ban the consumption of alcohol.
What is the temperance movement?
This 1848 treaty ended the Mexican-American War and gave the United States a large amount of western territory.
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
These overcrowded urban apartment buildings became symbols of poor living conditions for many immigrants during the late 1800s.
What are tenements?
This 1930s New Deal program hired the most people, including artists, writers, and actors to create public works projects.
What is the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?
This 1960s program created by Lyndon B. Johnson sought to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.
What is the Great Society?
This 1980s scandal involved secret arms sales to Iran and aid to Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
What is the Iran-Contra Affair?
People of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry in the Spanish colonies were known by this term.
What are mestizos?
This cash crop helped the economy of the Chesapeake colonies grow rapidly during the 1600s.
What is tobacco?
This 1765 British law placed a tax on printed materials such as newspapers and legal documents in the colonies.
What is the Stamp Act?
These textile factories in Massachusetts became known for employing young unmarried women during the early Industrial Revolution.
What are the Lowell Mills?
This 1850 law required citizens to assist in the capture of escaped enslaved people.
What is the Fugitive Slave Act?
This practice, used by companies like Standard Oil, involved gaining control over many companies in the same industry.
What is horizontal integration?
This policy proposed by Franklin D. Roosevelt allowed the United States to sell war supplies to Allied nations before officially entering World War II.
What is Lend-Lease?
This alliance formed in 1949 united the United States and Western European nations against the Soviet Union.
What is NATO?
This 1990 law expanded protections for Americans with physical and mental disabilities.
What is the Americans with Disabilities Act?
This debate in Spain during the 1500s centered on the treatment and humanity of Native Americans.
What is the Valladolid Debate?
This 1676 uprising in Virginia, led by former indentured servants, exposed tensions between frontier settlers and colonial elites.
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
Led by western farmers protesting taxes and debt collection, this 1786 rebellion demonstrated weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation.
What is Shays' Rebellion?
This anti-slavery abolitionist newspaper, founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831, called for the immediate end of slavery.
What is The Liberator?
These laws passed after the Civil War attempted to restrict the freedom and economic opportunities of formerly enslaved people in the South.
What are Black Codes?
This 1890 law was designed to limit monopolies and promote competition in business.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
During the First Red Scare following World War I, these targeted suspected radicals and immigrants.
What are the Palmer Raids?
This 1971 publication of classified government documents increased public distrust in the federal government by revealing information about the Vietnam War.
What are the Pentagon Papers?
This 1994 Republican political platform led by Newt Gingrich called for tax cuts, welfare reform, and smaller government.
What is the Contract with America?
Many Native American societies in the Eastern Woodlands used this agricultural method in which corn, beans, and squash were planted together to improve farming efficiency.
What is Three Sisters farming?
This concept described the belief that the British colonies existed primarily to benefit the economic interests of England.
What is mercantilism?
This 1798 crisis with France led to an undeclared naval conflict during the presidency of John Adams.
What is the XYZ Affair?
This political party emerged in opposition to Andrew Jackson and criticized what opponents called his “King Andrew” style of leadership.
What is the Whig Party?
This Reconstruction agency provided food, education, and assistance to formerly enslaved people after the Civil War.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
This 1892 labor conflict at Carnegie Steel became one of the most famous strikes of the Gilded Age.
What is the Homestead Strike?
This 1944 Supreme Court case upheld the wartime internment of Japanese Americans.
What is Korematsu v. United States?
This 1978 agreement negotiated by Jimmy Carter led to Egypt officially recognizing Israel.
What are the Camp David Accords?
This region of the United States experienced major population growth after World War II due to warmer climates, defense spending, and new job opportunities.
What is the Sun Belt?
During the Valladolid Debate, this Spanish priest argued that Native Americans were fully human and should not be enslaved.
Who is Bartolomé de las Casas?
This 1739 slave uprising in South Carolina led colonial governments to pass stricter slave codes throughout the South.
What is the Stono Rebellion?
This 1798 political controversy involved laws that restricted criticism of the federal government and increased tensions between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
What are the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Southerners gave this nickname to the high protective tariff passed in 1828 that led to intense sectional tensions and eventually the Nullification Crisis.
What is the Tariff of Abominations?
Southern critics used this term to describe Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often to participate in politics or business.
What are carpetbaggers?
This 1883 law attempted to reduce the spoils system by requiring many government jobs to be filled through merit-based examinations.
What is the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
This Supreme Court case established the “clear and present danger” standard for limits on free speech during World War I.
What is Schenck v. United States?
This Native American protest movement occupied Alcatraz Island in 1969 to draw attention to Indigenous rights and federal policies.
What is the American Indian Movement (AIM)?
In 1983, President Ronald Reagan ordered U.S. troops into this Caribbean island nation to overthrow a Marxist government and prevent perceived Soviet and Cuban influence in the region.
What is Grenada?