Spain in the New World
Spanish word for conquerors - men from Spain (or Portugal) who sailed to the "New World" in search of wealth
Conquistadors
Term for the three staple crops (corn, beans, squash) favored by many Native American groups
Three Sisters
Term that refers to the system of trade between three key points: Europe, North America, and Africa
Triangle/triangular trade
Monarch who energized England to begin their era of "exploration"
Queen Elizabeth I
This was Britain's primary settlement in the early 1600s - identify the place and the year it was settled
Jamestown, 1607
God, gold, and glory
Identify one geographic characteristic of the Northeast that would impact how indigenous groups lived
Access to water = reliance on fishing; harsh/cold winters = shorter growing season = need to rely on other resources/store food; mountainous/rocky soil = farming is more difficult = hunting heavily supplements diet; settlements are created to work together to get through the winter
Economic theory that said that a nation's wealth/power was directly tied to its amount of gold/silver; its goal was to increase the mother country's wealth
Mercantilism
The two key groups with religious intentions who settled in the New England area
Puritans and Pilgrims
John Rolfe, tobacco
Term meaning dominance of one nation, power, or culture over another, usually without direct military force
Hegemony
Important crop that originated in the Americas over 7,000 years ago; it was intentionally cultivated by indigenous peoples to create the most productive version of the plant
MAIZE/CORN!!!!!!!
A series of acts passed by Britain restricting trade in the colonies to only Britain itself (and her colonies)
Navigation Acts
Identify two (2) factors that contributed to England's willingness/success in exploring the New World
United under a popular monarch; strong naval presence; competition with other European powers; desire to spread religion (Protestantism); spirit of nationalism; desire for natural resources/wealth
Britain's unofficial policy of not enforcing trade regulations in the American colonies; ended after the French and Indian War when Britain attempted to regain some control
Salutary neglect
The name of the system of slavery that developed in the Spanish colonies
Encomienda system
Identify one characteristic of the indigenous groups who lived in the Great Plains and Great Basin region
Dry grasslands = poor farming; food source/hunting = primarily buffalo; introduction of horses from the Spanish allowed for a nomadic lifestyle; villages were located along the Mississippi and other rivers; many groups/tribes divided into bands to work together
A series of laws that severely limited the actions of enslaved people and codify their status as property; attempted to prevent rebellions or runaways (notably in Barbados, the Caribbean)
Slave Codes (and Barbados Slave Code of 1661)
France's primary objective in exploring and settling the New World
Anglo-Powhatan Wars
Identify two things that led to Spain's eventual downfall in the New World
Costly military operations; cost of bringing resources (ex: gold & silver) back to Europe; 1588: Spanish Armada defeated; poor leadership (Charles II - no heir); civil war in Spain in the early 1700s; increased competition from England, France
Largest and most influential urban settlement of the Mississippian culture that developed several centuries before European contact; boasted a population of 20,000 people at its height
Cahokia
Identify one EXPORT that would come from each of the following places: Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, British America
Europe: manufactured goods (textiles, guns)
Africa: enslaved people
Caribbean: sugar, molasses
British America: tobacco, rice, indigo, rum, wheat, lumber
Who sailed into the present-day New York area and whom did they claim it for?
Henry Hudson - the Dutch (New Netherlands)
Revolt of around 1,000 young white men in the Chesapeake area in 1676 in an attempt to be given land (taken from the nearby indigenous populations)
Bacon's Rebellion