English Colonization
What was the first permanent English colony in North America?
Jamestown
Which colonial region was most religiously diverse and had a mix of farming and trade?
Middle Colonies
What labor system involved Europeans working for a set time in exchange for passage to America?
Indentured servitude
What conflict between Puritans and Native Americans occurred in New England from 1675–76?
King Philip’s War
What was the first elected legislative body in the colonies, established in Virginia?
House of Burgesses
What cash crop saved the Virginia colony economically?
Tobacco
Which colonial region focused on shipbuilding, small farms, and trade?
New England Colonies
What system gave landowners 50 acres for every indentured servant brought to the colony?
Headright system
What group had the most peaceful relations with Native Americans due to their religious beliefs?
Quakers
What 1735 court case helped establish freedom of the press in the colonies?
Zenger Trial
What 1620 agreement was the first example of self-government in New England?
Mayflower Compact
Which region relied most heavily on slave labor for plantation agriculture?
Southern Colonies
What replaced indentured servitude as the dominant labor system by the 1700s in the South?
African slavery
What was the main cause of conflict between colonists and Native Americans?
Land disputes
What was the dominant religion in Massachusetts Bay?
Puritanism
What religious group settled in Massachusetts Bay for religious freedom?
Puritans
What colony was originally founded by the Dutch as New Netherland?
New York
What was the Middle Passage?
The brutal sea journey enslaved Africans took to the Americas
What was the name of the Native confederacy that traded with and sometimes fought the English in the Chesapeake region?
Powhatan Confederacy
What intellectual movement emphasized reason, natural rights, and challenged traditional authority?
Enlightenment
What event in 1676 revealed tensions between frontier settlers and colonial elites in Virginia?
Bacon’s Rebellion
What port city became a major center of trade in the Middle Colonies?
Philadelphia
What laws were created in the colonies to control enslaved people and prevent uprisings?
Slave codes
What crop introduced by Native Americans became a major food source for colonists?
Corn (maize)
What religious revival swept through the colonies in the 1730s–1740s?
First Great Awakening
What colony was founded as a haven for Catholics?
Maryland
Which colony was founded by Roger Williams for separation of church and state?
Rhode Island
What crop led to the high demand for enslaved labor in the Carolinas?
Rice
What Native leader helped the early Jamestown settlers survive?
Powhatan
What preacher became famous during the Great Awakening for emotional sermons like “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”?
Jonathan Edwards