Industrialization & Big Business
What term describes the belief in little government interference in the economy?
Laissez-faire
What term describes immigrants from southern and eastern Europe arriving after 1880?
“New Immigrants”
What 1862 law gave settlers 160 acres of land if they farmed it for 5 years?
Homestead Act
What labor union accepted skilled and unskilled workers and aimed for broad reform?
Knights of Labor
What era name refers to the shiny surface hiding corruption underneath?
Gilded Age
What businessman dominated the oil industry in the late 1800s?
John D. Rockefeller
What processing center did most immigrants enter through on the East Coast?
Ellis Island
What railway completed in 1869 linked the East and West?
Transcontinental Railroad
What strike at a Carnegie steel plant turned violent in 1892?
Homestead Strike
What political cartoonist exposed corruption, especially of Boss Tweed?
Thomas Nast
What process made steel production faster and cheaper?
Bessemer Process
What political groups often gained immigrant loyalty by providing jobs and services? Think Tammany Hall...
Political machines
What Native American victory in 1876 killed Custer and his men?
Battle of Little Bighorn
Who led the American Federation of Labor and focused on skilled workers?
Samuel Gompers
What act ended the spoils system and created civil service exams?
Pendleton Act
What company did Andrew Carnegie build into a steel empire?
Carnegie Steel
What journalist exposed tenement conditions in How the Other Half Lives?
Jacob Riis
What 1890 massacre symbolized the end of Native armed resistance?
Wounded Knee Massacre
What 1877 event was the first major nationwide strike in U.S. history?
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
What scandal involved Union Pacific creating a fake company to steal railroad profits?
Credit Mobilier Scandal
What Supreme Court case upheld the legality of monopolies under the Sherman Antitrust Act by narrowing its interpretation?
U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co.
What law banned Chinese immigration in 1882?
Chinese Exclusion Act
What 1887 law tried to assimilate Native Americans by giving them farmland?
Dawes Act
What term describes workers negotiating as a group with employers?
Collective bargaining
What 1896 Supreme Court case upheld segregation with “separate but equal”?
Plessy v. Ferguson
What term describes a company controlling all phases of production, like Carnegie’s steel business?
Vertical integration
What term refers to the blending of cultures into one American identity?
Melting pot
What act encouraged western settlement by granting land to states to fund agricultural and technical colleges?
The Morrill Land-Grant Act
What political party represented farmers and pushed for silver coinage and railroad regulation?
Populist Party (People’s Party)
What economic policy did William Jennings Bryan support to help farmers and debtors?
Free silver / Bimetallism