1848-1877 pt. 1 (Mexico/More Expansions)
What is the ideology called where the US believed it had a divine mission to extend its power and civilization across all of North America; it served as an excuse to expand West
Manifest Destiny
What is the 1857 case where the the US Supreme Court ruled that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, were not and could not be citizens of the United States, and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Which state became the first secede after the Election of 1860
South Carolina
Which three amendments make up the reconstruction amendments
13th (abolished slaves and involuntary servitude), 14th (defined all people born in the US as citizens), 15th (allowed all men to vote, regardless of race)
What kind of industry is Cornelius "Commodore" Vanderbilt associated with
The Railroad Industry
What is the purchase where President Franklin Pierce bought land from Mexico for $10 million; makes up the southern sections of present-day New Mexico and Arizona
The Gadsden Purchas
Henry Clay's Compromise of 1850 included admitting which state as a free one
California
Who did Lincoln make the commander of all of the Union armies
Ulysses S. Grant
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
What 1862 act encouraged Westward settlement by providing eligible American citizens with acres of free land, provided that they agree to live on and improve the land for a set period of time
The Homestead Act
What is the treaty called where Mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the Southern border of Texas and had to cede its former provinces of California and New Mexico to the US in return for $15 million
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
What is the movement called where people opposed slavery, but it was only because they only wanted White people in the states
The Free-Soil Movement
What was the first battle of the Civil War
Fort Sumter (April 1861; Northern Victory)
What is the agency that acted as a welfare organization, providing food, shelter and medical aid for those made destitute by the war, including both Black people (chiefly freed slaves) and homeless whites
The Freedmen's Bureau
What is the movement founded in 1867 to address the challenges faced by farmers and who favored progressive movements
The Grange Movement
Explain the Wilmot Proviso (1846)
Pennsylvania Congressman proposed a bill to forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from Mexico; shot down by the Senate
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 allowed each state to have ________________ in regards to slavery
Popular Sovereignty
What was the battle where General Stonewall Jackson defeated Union troops, thereby giving the Confederates more confidence and ending the illusion of a short war
Battle of Bull Run (July 1861)
Summarize the Civil Rights Act of 1866
The first federal law to define citizenship and guarantee equal protection under the law for all persons born in the United States, regardless of race or previous condition of slavery
What were the three kinds of industrial "frontiers" during this point
Mining, Cattle and Farming
Name one of three arguments made for annexing Oregon as a state
1. Discover of the Columbia River
2. Overland expedition to the Pacific Coast by Lewis and Clark
3. Established fur-trading post and fort in Astoria, Oregon
Which Southern Democrat ran against Abraham Lincoln (Republican) in the Election of 1860
John C. Breckendridge
Sherman's march to sea, where he destroyed Southern agriculture and infrastructure, and therefore their morale, was an example of ________
total war
Which man did the Compromise of 1877 allow to become President in return for him ending federal support for Republicans in the South and him supporting the building of a Southern transcontinental railroad
Rutherford B. Hayes
Which proposal included:
1. Direct election of US senators
2. Lower tariff rates
3. Graduated income tax (higher income = higher taxes)
4. A new banking system regulated by federal government
The Ocala Platform