Chapter 2-4
What did Christopher Columbus find?
Two possible answers
The Americas
A new world
What were the presidents of this era?
(1754-1800)
George Washington (1789-1797), 2 terms, no party
John Adams (1797-1801), 1 term, Federalist party
What were the presidents of this era? (name 3)
(1801-1837)
Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809), 2 terms, DR
James Madison (1809-1817), 2 terms, DR
James Monroe (1817-1825), 2 terms, DR
John Q. Adams (1825-1829), 1 term, Whig
Andrew Jackson (1829-1837), 2 terms, D
Who was regarded as the worst president?
-James Buchanan
How many colonies were there?
13 colonies
What was the Columbian exchange and were they positive effects or negatives?
The exchange of ideas, agriculture, technology, disease, etc from Europe to the New World and back.
They had both positive and negative effects.
What were the separation of powers and their purpose?
-3 branches of power
- legislative powers to an elected two-house legislature
-executive powers to an elected governor
- judicial powers to a system of courts
-The principle of separation of powers was intended to be a safeguard against tyranny-especially against the tyranny of a too-powerful executive.
What was the cuase of the war of 1812
-British impressment of sialors
-British seizures of nuertal American trading ships
-War hawks
The importance of mercantilism and what it did?
-Encouraged the colonists to purchase goods from England rather than rival nations
-Colonies sent out raw materials to England where they were manufactured into finished products and sold to colonists
-Allowed Britian to monopolize slaves from English Ports
Who was nicknamed Jackass and how did he go through with it?
-Andrew Jackson accepted his label and used it as his logo for his campaign
What was Bacon's rebellion?
-A rebellion against Berkeley's government
-Series of raids and massacres against American Indian villages on the Virginia frontier
- Bacon succeeded and burned down Jamestown
-2 lasting problems: Sharp class differences and colonial resistance to royal control; these problems would continue into the next century
What was the Embargo Act?
-The United States Congress enacted a general trade embargo on all foreign nations
- As a successor or replacement law for the 1806 Non-importation Act and passed as the Napoleonic Wars continued, it represented an escalation of attempts to persuade Britain to stop any impressment of American sailors and to respect American sovereignty and neutrality but also attempted to pressure France and other nations in the pursuit of general diplomatic and economic leverage
Why was Monroe's presidency called "Era of Good Feelings"?
-Strong nationalism
-The name captured Americans' hopes of partisan and national unity following the War of 1812
James Monroe accelerated the end of the First Party system
What was the Marbury v. Madison
-Marbury was a midnight appointee if the Adams administration and sued Madison for commission
-Chief justice marchall said the law that gave the courts the power to rule over the issue was unconstitutional established judicial review
Who were the Sons of Liberty exactly?
-A group of colonists who lived in Colonial America and were unhappy with the practices of the British Crown -
-Formed to defend the colonists from further injustices at the hands of Great Britain and to combat any further taxation they deemed unfair
-Represent one of the most pivotal groups in carrying out the Revolution
note: people mentioned were, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Paul Revere, and Patrick Henry
What happened during King Philip's war?
-United tribes in Southern New England against English settlers who were constantly encroaching on American Indians' lands
-A vicious war, thousands killed, villages and towns were burned
-The colonial forces prevailed, killing King Philip and ending most American Indian resistance in New England
What was the XYZ affair?
Why was it named the XYZ affair?
-The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to the Quasi-War
-The name derives from the substitution of the letters X, Y, and Z for the names of French diplomats
During what revolution were the slaves emancipated?
-The American Revolution free'd up to 250,000 slaves in the North
What was the treaty of Hidalgo?
-Created in 1848
-Negotiated in Mexico by American diplomats
Nocholas Trist provided the following
-Mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas
-The US took possesions of te former Mexican provinces of California and New Mexico-the Mexican Cession and assumed responsibility for any claims of American citizens against Mexico
Note: some whigs opposed this treat because they saw the war as an immortal effort to spread slavery
What were the original 13 colonies? (name 7)
-New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Georgia, Delaware, South Carolina, and New Hampshire
The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment
-A movement characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people
-Strongest through the 1730s-1740s
-Caused divisions within churches, such as the Congregational and Presbyterian, between those supporting its teachings ("New Lights") and those condemning them ("Old Lights"). More evangelical sects such as the Baptists and Methodists attracted large numbers. As denominations competed for followers, they also called for separation of church and state.
-In the 18th century, some educated Americans felt attracted to a European literature and philosophy movement known as the Enlightenment. The leaders of this movement believed that the "darkness" of past ages could be corrected by using human reason to solve most of humanity's problems. government) is supreme, it is bound to follow "natural laws" based on the rights Locke, in his Two Treatises of Government, reasoned that people's state is simply because they are human.
What was the committes of correspondence and what was their most significant role?
It was an organized local letter-writing campaigns to fortify colonial resistance to British policies.
What was the Peggy Eaton Affair?
-The champion of the common man also went to the aid of the common woman
-Led to the unraveling of the first Jackson Administration, prompting the forced resignation of nearly his entire cabinet
What was the corrupt bargain of 1824?
-John Q. Adams got elected over the rival Andrew Jackson
-It was widely believed that Clay the speaker of the house convinced congress to elect Adam who than made Clay his secretary of state which is why it was denounced (corrupt bargain)
What was the Encomienda system?
-During the 16th century, the Spanish government established the encomienda system in the Americas to divide the American Indian labor force
-Under this system, a Spanish conquistador, or another male Spaniard of significant social status was given the labor of several Native Americans living in the area
-provided the laborers protection from other tribes, and education in Catholicism. The native laborer paid tributes to the encomendero in the form of gold, other metals, or agricultural products