Central and South American Cultures
European Exploration
Columbian Exchange & Competition
European and Native Interactions
Responses to & from Native Americans
100
The spread of this central American crop supported economic development, settlement, advanced irrigation, and social diversification among societies in the present-day American Southwest.
What is maize (corn)?
100
This nation had the greatest success in settling the "New World" during the 16th century.
What was Spain?
100
This grew Europe's population and economy, accelerating the shift from feudalism to capitalism and encouraging more New World exploration.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
100
The Spanish used this system to support plantation-based agriculture and the mining of precious metals.
What was the encomienda system?
100
This Spanish missionary spoke out about the abuses of Native Americans
Who was Bartolome de la Cases?
200
In the Northeast, the Mississippi River Valley, and along the Atlantic seaboard, some societies developed mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economies that favored the development of ____________________ villages.
What is permanent or sedentary?
200
The French gained geographic and cultural knowledge that led to their success in this trade with many native tribe in the 17th century (in modern day Canada).
What was the fur trade?
200
The Columbian Exchange introduced Old World diseases to the New World; American Indians had no natural ___________ to.
What is immunity?
200
Under the Encomienda system, who did all of the manual labor?
Who were the Natives (and later the enslaved Africans)?
200
In 1537, the Sublimus Dei declared that the indigenous populations of the Americas possessed both reason and soul who should no longer _________________.
What is be enslaved?
300
Societies in the Northwest and present-day California supported themselves by hunting and gathering, using the vast resources of the this body of water.
What was the Pacific Ocean?
300
Early English explorers during the 16th century were motivated by military and economic competition with their rival, _______.
What was Spain.
[When the English destroyed the Spanish Armada in 1588, the English started exploring and settling the "New World"]
300
The deadliest of all European diseases was this.
What was smallpox?
300
The ___________ system incorporated and carefully defined status for Spain's diverse colonial population, including American Indians and Enslaved Africans
What was the caste system?
300
With the Sublimus Dei and The New Laws of the Indies ending native enslavement, a labor shortage in the Spanish colonies was gradually filled by_______________.
Who were enslaved Africans?
400
The Mayans, Aztec of Central Americans and this Native American group in South America all developed organized societies, cultivated crops, had organized religions and accurate calendars.
Who were the Incas?
400
When the Moors (North Africans) were kicked out of Spain, this duo came to power and began funding explorers to settle and conquer new territories.
Who were Ferdinand and Isabella?
400
Old World crops flourished in the New World, supporting colonial populations and reducing the price of luxury goods, like __________________ in Europe.
What is coffee and sugar?
400
These people, who were born in Spain, were at the very top of the Spanish Caste system.
Who were the Peninsulares?
400
The Asciento system was the same as the Encomienda System only it applied to this group of poeple.
Who were enslaved Africans?
500
In modern day New York and New England, the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida and Mohawk tribes all came together and formed this.
What was the Iroquis Confederation?
500
These Spanish peoples truly wanted to convert the natives into Catholic Christians. (Hint: they established lots of missions on the east coast and southwest of modern day America)
Who were the missionaries?
500
In the Treaty of Tordesillas, the pope divided the Americas between Spain and this nation
What is Potugual?
500
Since they took less land and traded with them, this group of Europeans had the best relations with Native Americans.
Who were the French?
500
This name was given to those whose parents were Spanish and Native.
Who were the Mestizos?