Native Worlds
What large Mississippian settlement near present-day St. Louis became the largest pre-Columbian city north of Mexico?
Cahokia
What three-word phrase summarizes the major motives behind European exploration?
GGG
What English settlement, founded in 1607, became the first permanent English colony in North America?
Jamestown, VA
Which European empire centered its North American economy on the fur trade and alliances with Native nations?
France
What 1620 agreement created a government based on majority rule among the Plymouth settlers?
Mayflower Compact
The spread of what crop encouraged permanent settlement and population growth in the Southwest and Mississippi River Valley?
Maize or Corn
What term describes the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after 1492?
Don't get this wrong
What crop made Virginia economically successful after John Rolfe developed a commercially viable strain?
Tobacco
Which empire established New Netherland and focused heavily on commerce along the Hudson River?
Dutch
What representative assembly first met in Virginia in 1619?
The House of Burgesses
Why did many Native societies in the Southwest construct irrigation systems?
The region’s arid climate made reliable agriculture difficult without controlling and transporting water.
What Spanish labor system granted colonists the right to demand Indigenous labor or tribute?
The encomienda system.
Which colony was founded by Puritans who hoped to establish a model Christian society described as a “city upon a hill”?
MBC
What New England conflict culminated in the Mystic Massacre
Pequot War
Which colony, founded by Roger Williams, became a refuge for religious dissenters such as Anne Hutchinson?
Rhode Island
How did the geography of the Great Basin and western Great Plains affect Native societies living there?
Limited rainfall and grassland environments encouraged mobile lifestyles built around hunting and gathering, especially the pursuit of bison.
Why did diseases such as smallpox cause far greater population losses among Native Americans than among Europeans?
Native Americans had no previous exposure or inherited immunity to these diseases
Which colony was founded by William Penn as a refuge for Quakers and became known for religious tolerance?
Pennsylvania
What 1680 uprising drove Spanish colonists and missionaries out of New Mexico for more than a decade?
Pueblo Revolt
Name the two leading preachers associated with the First Great Awakening.
GW and JE
Compare how Native societies in the Pacific Northwest and Great Plains adapted to their environments.
Pacific Northwest societies used abundant rivers and coastal resources, especially salmon, to support settled communities. Great Plains societies relied more heavily on bison and developed mobile lifestyles.
How did the decline of Indigenous populations contribute to the expansion of African slavery in the Americas?
Population loss created labor shortages in mines and plantation agriculture. European colonists increasingly imported enslaved Africans to meet the demand for labor.
Compare the principal motives behind settlement in the Chesapeake and New England.
Chesapeake colonies were founded largely for profit and developed around cash-crop agriculture. New England settlements were shaped more strongly by religious goals and the desire to establish permanent communities.
How did French and English relations with Native Americans generally differ?
The French relied heavily on Native trade alliances and often lived in smaller settlements. English colonists established larger agricultural communities that demanded more land, producing greater displacement and warfare.
Explain the tension between the Navigation Acts and salutary neglect.
The Navigation Acts attempted to control colonial trade according to mercantilist principles. Under salutary neglect, Britain often failed to enforce those restrictions closely, allowing colonial merchants and assemblies greater independence.