Pre-Euros
What were the four largest empires in North, Central, and South American previous to European exploration?
Maya
Inca
Aztec
Pueblo
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Exchange of plants, animals, disease, ideas, and people between the Eastern and Western hemispheres.
What were the three causes of European exploration?
God
Glory
Gold
What was the name of the Aztec leader in the beginning of Spanish colonization?
Moctezuma
Describe horticulture
A form of agriculture in which people work small plots of land with simple tools
Andean people who built an empire in the centuries before the arrival of the Spaniards amid the fertile land of the Andes Mountains along the Pacific coast. Reaching the height of their power in the 15th C, this civilization controlled some 16 million people
Incans
Name four things the Western Hemisphere shared with the Eastern Hemisphere
Maize
Beans
Potatoes
Chocolate
Tobacco
What two inventions made sea travel easier?
Caravel
Astrolabe
Where did Christopher Columbus first land?
NOT NORTH AMERICA THAT'S FOR SURE
Hispaniola, present day Haiti and Dominican Republic
Describe feudalism
A social and economic system organized by a hierarchy of hereditary classes. Lower social orders owed loyalty to the social classes above them and, in return, received protection or land
Spanish terms for the Mexica, an indigenous people who built an empire in present-day Mexico in the centuries before the arrival of the Spaniards
Aztecs
What was a negative effect of the Columbian Exchange on Indigenous populations?
Large populations of Natives were killed by European diseases they were not immune to
What are the name of the monarchs that helped to fund exploration of the Americas?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
Describe the Spanish Caste System
A system developed by the Spanish in the 16th C that defined the status of diverse populations based on a racial hierarchy that privileged Europeans
Describe capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership of property and the open exchange of goods between property holders
People who established large cities on the Yucatan peninsula with strong irrigation and agricultural techniques. This civilization was strongest between 300 and 800 CE
Mayans
Name four things the Eastern Hemisphere shared with the Western Hemisphere (besides disease)
Rice
Pigs
Horses
Cattle
Gun powder
Iron
Christianity
What prompted Spaniards to travel West on the ocean rather than taking previous trade routes to China and India?
The Ottoman Empire blocked trading routes to Asia
What is the name of the system that enslaved Indigenous peoples?
Encomienda System
Describe aristocratic
Members of the highest class of society, typically nobility who inherited their ranks and titles
American Indian peoples who lived in present-day New Mexico and Arizona and built permanent multi-story adobe dwellings
Pueblos
What was an unintended consequence, besides mass death, of European diseases spreading throughout Indigenous populations?
Mass increase and systematic creation of enslaved African labor due to their immunity to European diseases
Describe how the Inquisition and the Renaissance contributed to European exploration
Inquisition - Spain united
Renaissance - creation of new ideas and inventions
Who is the Indigenous woman who assisted Hernan Cortes?
Malinche
Describe mission systems
System established by the Spanish in 1573 in which missionaries, rather than soldiers, directed all new settlements in the Americas