Pre-Colombian America
Colombian Exchange and Beyond
European Colonizers
Spain Builds An Empire
Clash of Cultures
100

This confederacy of Five Nations (The Mohawk, The Oneida, The Onondaga, The Seneca, and The Cayuga) dominated most of upstate New York and Canada.

Who are the Iroquois/ Iroquois Confederacy

100
Although born in Genoa, Italy Columbus sailed for this nation-state in 1492 on his fateful voyage west across the Atlantic.
What is Spain
100

This nation was the first to sail long distances as explorers due to this sailing invention. (name country and invention) 

Portuguese/ Caravel

100

This labor system granted Spanish colonists the right to demand work and tribute from Native peoples in exchange for "protecting" and Christianizing them

Encomienda 

100

While Europeans treated land as private property to be bought and sold, most Native peoples viewed land this way instead.

Communally owned or shared, not private property or a commodity to be bought or sold. 

200
Located throughout Mexico, this empire's capital city of Tenochtitlan boasted nearly 350,000 residents prior to the arrival of Hernando Cortez in 1516.
Who are the Aztecs
200
More than any other factor of the Colombian Exchange, this impacted American Indian people the most, decimating their population to only a few hundred thousand in the present day.
What is disease
200

This nation's colonies in the New World were focused almost exclusively on trade and commerce, which makes sense given the city they founded continues to be the world capital of finance today. 

Netherlands/ Dutch 


(New Amsterdam) 

200

This 1680 uprising, led by Popé, drove the Spanish out of New Mexico for over a decade, making it the most successful Native revolt in North America

What is the Pueblo Revolt?

200

Martin Luther's 1517 Ninety-Five Theses launched this movement, which split Western Christianity and fueled colonial rivalries

What is the Protestant Reformation? 

300

Most American-Indian groups followed this type of lineage which placed women at the top of the social-political pyramid as keepers of the villages and advisers to chiefs.

What is matralineal

300
Of all the European nations who encountered American Indians, this one enjoyed probably the most cordial relationship through mutual understanding and gift-giving.
What is France
300
Name five European nations that would colonize land in the Americas 
Spain

Portugal

France

Netherlands

England

300

This large, self-sufficient Spanish landed estate became the dominant unit of agricultural production in the colonies

What is the hacienda?

300

Which animal, introduced by the Spanish, transformed the culture of Plains peoples, making them mobile hunters of this animal? (Name both animals) 

What are Horses, buffalo/ bison? 

400

This describes most Native Americans' beliefs about religion, meaning incorporating beliefs into a blended system of faith. 

What is inclusivism?

400

The import of this New World vegetable to Africa in the 1500s sharply increased their indigenous population but at the same time made them prime candidates for slavery soon after. It also led to a population boom in Europe. 

What is maize (corn)

400

Name three conquistadors and the areas they conquered

Cortes- Mexico/ Aztecs 

Pizarro- Incas in Peru

De Soto - Florida and west of the Mississippi

Coronado- Southwest

400

This anti-Spanish propaganda was based on writings by De Las Casas describing Spanish brutality against Native Americans. It led other European nations to criticize Spain and claim to be more humane with indigenous peoples.

What is the Black Legend? 

400

Name three different ways Native peoples resisted Spanish control and oppression

Running away/ moving

Armed revolt 

Secretly practicing religion 

Maintaining culture and language 

Sabotaging Spanish work/ colonization 

500

Name two regions. Within each region, name one tribe and one aspect of their society. 

Multiple answers possible 

500

Name and describe three levels of the Spanish racial caste system. 

Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Native Americans, Enslaved Africans

500
Who were two Spaniards who debated treatment of Native Americans, and what were their positions? 

De Las Casas and Sepulveda

500

This event in 1492 finalized the end of the Spanish military campaign to reclaim the entire Iberian peninsula from North African Muslim control. It led to Spanish momentum to continue conquering overseas. 

What is the Reconquista? 

500

Name five elements involved in the Columbian Exchange, as well as the directions they traveled 

Multiple possible answers

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