European Colonization/Interactions Between Native Americans and Europeans
What was the primary motivation for Spanish colonization in the Americas during the 17th century?
What is to spread Christianity and seek wealth?
This voyage was known for its horrific conditions and transported enslaved Africans across the Atlantic.
What is the Middle Passage?
Which British colonies had the highest number of enslaved people, and why?
The West Indian sugar islands due to the high demand for labor on sugar plantations.
Explain the difference between royal, corporate, and proprietary charters.
Royal colonies: under the direct authority and rule of the king’s government.
Corporate colonies: were operated by joint-stock companies.
Proprietary colonies: under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king.
What kind of alliances did American Indians form to protect their land and themselves?
What are confederations, such as the Powhatan and Iroquois Confederations?
Also, alliances with Europeans.
Describe the relationship between French traders and American Indians.
What is they often intermarried and relied on them for trade and guidance?
This company initially monopolized the trade of enslaved Africans until Parliament intervened.
Who is the Royal African Company?
What was the difference between the early Africans brought to Virginia and later enslaved Africans?
Early Africans were not initially in bondage, and their children were free.
How did the headright system influence settlement in the British Colonies?
The headright system encouraged settlement by granting land to settlers or those who paid for their passage, promoting land ownership.
What two main factors contributed to the population growth in the colonies?
What are immigration and natural increase?
What was the purpose of the New England Confederation formed in 1643?
What is to provide mutual protection against threats? (Conflicts with Native Americans)
This economic theory posits that a nation's wealth is determined by its exports exceeding its imports.
What is mercantilism?
What changes occurred in the legal status of Africans in Virginia by the end of the 1660s?
Laws were enacted that kept Africans and their offspring in permanent bondage.
What cultural background influenced the settlers of the New England colonies?
The cultural background influencing the New England settlers included Puritan religious beliefs and English traditions.
What role did women typically have in colonial society?
What is managing household tasks and bearing children?
What were the main reasons for English colonization in the Americas?
What is to seek better opportunities and religious freedom?
This was one requirement imposed by the Navigation Acts on colonial trade.
What is that trade to and from the colonies could only be carried by English or colonial ships?
How did enslaved Africans maintain their cultural traditions?
Through songs, storytelling, and preserving elements of African religious practices.
Describe the impact of the Act of Toleration in Maryland.
The Act of Toleration granted religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland but also imposed harsh penalties for those denying the divinity of Jesus.
How did social mobility differ in the colonies compared to Europe?
What is easier access to land and opportunities for improvement?
What was Bacon's Rebellion, and what issues did it highlight?
What is a revolt by Virginia settlers against the government that highlighted class differences and frontier conflicts?
James II took these actions to consolidate control over the colonies, placing Sir Edmund Andros in charge.
What are combining colonies into larger administrative units and eliminating representative assemblies?
Explain how Bacon's Rebellion influenced the transition from indentured servitude to slavery.
It caused landowners to seek a more controllable labor force, leading to increased reliance on slavery.
Discuss the impact of slavery on colonial society in Virginia and the Carolinas.
Slavery had a profound impact on colonial society by establishing a racial hierarchy and an economy dependent on enslaved labor, particularly in Virginia and the Carolinas.
Describe the class structure in colonial society.
What is a narrow class system based on economics with wealthy landowners at the top?