Jefferson & Marshall
This Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review in 1803.
Marbury v Madison
This practice of seizing US sailors and forcing them into foreign service was cited as a major cause of the War of 1812.
Impressment
This inventor's cotton gin made cotton cultivation highly profitable and accelerated the expansion of slavery.
Eli Whitney
The period from 1800-1848 saw the expansion of voting rights to most White males, known as this
Universal White male suffrage
This movement, characterized by revivals and new denominations, was a major cause of later reform movements.
Second Great Awakening
This purchase in 1803 defied President Jefferson's stated commitment to strict interpretation of the Constitution.
Lousiana Purchase
The War of 1812 ended with this treaty in 1814, which resulted in a stalemate and returned conquered territory.
Treaty of Ghent
This canal, completed in 1825, drastically lowered shipping costs and fostered stronger economic ties between the Midwest and the Northeast.
Erie Canal
Andrew Jackson opposed this institution, viewing it as unconstitutional and beneficial on to the wealthy elite.
National Bank (or Bank of the United States)
This philosopher and essayist emphasized acting on individual conviction over law, reflecting Transcendentalism.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
This Chief Justice's decisions, such as those in McCulloch v Maryland and Gibbons v Ogden, generally strengthened federal power.
John Marshall
This document, issues in 1823, warned European powers to "stay out of Western Hemisphere affairs."
Monroe Doctrine
This labor system, common in the North, primarily employed young, unmarried women in New England textile mills.
Lowell System
The Indian Removal Act (1830) compelled Native Americans to move west, resulting in this deadly journey.
Trail of Tears
This convention, held in New York in 1848, marked the start of the organized women rights movement.
Seneca Falls Convention
Jefferson's advice to avoid "entangling alliances" is similar to warnings found in this predecessor's famous address.
Washington's Farewell Address
The Federalist Party essentially dissolved after this New England meeting opposed the War of 1812.
Hartford Convention
This court case ruled in 1842 that worked had the right to organize unions, boosting the labor movement.
Commonwealth v Hunt
Andrew Jackson successfully replaced the "King Caucus" system of presidential nominations with this new system.
Party nominating convention
Reformers like Horace Mann advocated for this reform, believing a state-funded system would help everyone in society.
Free public education
John Marshall's ruling in 1824 case affirmed the federal government's constitutional authority over interstate commerce, thereby limiting the power of state-issued monopolies in transportation.
This general gained national fame with an impressive, though strategically meaningless, victory at the Battle of New Orleans.
Andrew Jackson
According to John C Calhoun, the US was not a "nation" but a "union, a confederacy of equal and sovereign states," reflecting his intense loyalty to this region.
This new political party arose during the Jacksonian era as a direct challenge to the power of President Jackson, often advocating for Henry Clay's American System/
Whig party
This African American woman was known for her advocacy of both abolition and women's rights, famously asking "And ain't I a woman?"
Sojourner Truth