Industrial Expansion
Post–Civil War economic system characterized by minimal government regulation of business.
Laissez-faire capitalism
Business strategy of combining all stages of production under one company.
Vertical integration
Organization founded to unite skilled workers for better wages and hours.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Settlement house movement that provided social services to immigrants.
Hull House
1890 law aimed at limiting monopolies.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Rapid growth of railroads most directly contributed to this economic change.
National market economy
Strategy of controlling an entire industry by eliminating competitors.
Monopoly
1892 steel strike that ended in violence at Carnegie’s plant.
Homestead Strike
Overcrowded housing in industrial cities.
Tenements
Theory used to justify wealth inequality in the Gilded Age.
Social Darwinism
Growth of corporations after the Civil War was most enabled by this legal structure.
Limited liability corporations
Oil industry leader who used horizontal integration.
John D. Rockefeller
Ideology supporting direct confrontation between labor and capital.
Marxism / socialism
New immigration primarily came from this region of Europe.
Southern and Eastern Europe
Supreme Court case that upheld “separate but equal.”
Plessy v. Ferguson
Industrialization after 1865 was fueled most directly by this factor.
Technological innovation and abundant resources
Gospel of Wealth argued that the wealthy should do this.
Distribute wealth through philanthropy
Government often responded to strikes during this era by doing this.
Supporting business owners with troops or injunctions
Political machines gained power in cities by doing this.
Providing services in exchange for votes
Reformers often criticized the Gilded Age for this contradiction.
Reformers often criticized the Gilded Age for this contradiction.
Explain how industrialization transformed the U.S. economy after the Civil War.
Shifted from agrarian to industrial, national market economy
Explain how business leaders justified their economic dominance.
Social Darwinism and Gospel of Wealth
Explain why labor unions had limited success during the Gilded Age.
Government + courts sided with business owners
Explain how immigration changed urban society.
Increased cultural diversity and overcrowding
Explain why federal regulation of business increased by the end of the 1800s.
Public backlash against monopolies and inequality