South & West
System in which freedmen lived and worked on southern plantations giving half or more of their harvest to the landowner
Sharecropping
His invention of the telephone revolutionized long distance communication
Alexander Graham Bell
Process by which labor unions attempted to negotiate with business owners for better working conditions
Collective Bargaining
The movement to ban alcohol in America was called...
The Temperance Movement
First US law to restrict immigration explicitly on the basis of nationality
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Publication that theorized the end of westward migration would cause social upheaval in the United States
"Frontier Thesis"
Somewhat notorious banker who bailed out the US Government twice, but also monopolized industries and influenced the government to allow ruthless business practices
JP Morgan
Event initiated by the American Railway Union which shut down most of the western railroads in the US, eventually ended by the intercession of the US government on behalf of the affected businesses
Pullman Strike
The "People's Party", also known as ____________, arose in the late 19th century and campaigned for reforms that would benefit the majority of working class Americans, especially abandoning the Gold Standard.
The Populist Party
First law to grant power to the US government to evaluate and, if deemed necessary, break up large corporations which controlled too much of a particular industry
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
Those who wanted to "help" Native Americans by erasing their traditional culture and replacing it with American values
Assimilationists
When a company buys out or shuts down all other competitors in the same stage of production within a particular industry (hint: not a monopoly)
Horizontal Integration
Term for those who believed in the superiority of Americans who were born in the United States over immigrants.
Nativists
New forms of transportation technology including electric trolleys and subway trains allowed for gradual spreading out of cities' populations. A process known as...
Suburbanization
Belief that the government should not interfere with the market economy, rather, it should be guided by the "invisible hand" of supply and demand
Laissez-Faire Economics
Supreme court case which ruled "separate, but equal" to be constitutionally acceptable, thereby upholding the many discriminatory Jim Crow laws in the south
Plessy v. Ferguson
When a company buys/controls all stages of production within a particular industry (hint: not a monopoly)
Vertical Integration
Homestead Steel Strike
In this book, Carnegie argues that the personal incentive to amass wealth in a capitalist society is inherently good, BUT that successful people have an obligation to use their wealth to the benefit of the society that allowed for their success.
US government gave free land grants to those willing to settle in newly opened territories of the west, provided that they build a dwelling and harvested crops for a period of at least 5 years on the land
Homestead Act (1862)
Booker T. Washington's speech accepting separate social and cultural spheres for black and white Americans, but advocating for shared economic goals
Atlanta Compromise
When the new scientific doctrine of "survival of the fittest" was applied to business and society, it was known as...
Social Darwinism
Term to describe corrupt organizations, usually at the city level, that traded favors and jobs to immigrants in exchange for their votes.
Political Machines
Fraud by the Union Pacific Railroad company who charged the US government inflated construction rates and pocketed millions, then used the excess cash to bribe politicians for favorable policies regulating railroads. Caused public distrust in both government and big business.
Credit Mobilier Scandal
Granted authority for the US government to split communal Native American reservation lands into small, privately owned parcels given to individual families to encourage native to adopt the lifestyle of white Americans
Dawes Act of 1887