Immigration
Act that banned Chinese immigration for 10 years.
what is THE CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT OF 1882
Head of that massive Standard Oil Monopoly. Known for using horizontal integration to grow his business, which is the process of taking over similar companies (he bought out other oil companies). There is also the process of vertical integration which is where you adopt other businesses down the supply chain (a restaurant buying a delivery company).
Labor Union started by Samuel Gompers. Only open to skilled workers and fought for better working conditions and benefits.
what is THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
The idea of "survival of the fittest," which, during this period, was interpreted by many as meaning that some races or people were genetically superior to others. Believers of this promoted eugenics (selective breeding) and sterilization (stopping someone from reproducing).
what is SOCIAL DARWINISM
This was the biggest political machine in New York. It was led by Boss Tweed and was believed by many to be corrupt. However, it appealed to many immigrants because it helped them get jobs.
The majority of these immigrants came to the US in the late 1800s and were protestants. They were rich, skilled workers who were familiar with American democracy and came over as families. They assimilated quickly.
what is OLD IMMIGRANTS
This was the 26th President of the US and a later founder of the Bull Moose Party. His square deal is known for its three c's: conservation of natural resources (he created national parks), curbing corporate power (he regulated monopolies through the Elkins and Hepburn Acts), and consumer protection (he passed the pure Food and Drug Act).
what is TEDDY ROOSEVELT
This was a disaster at a manufacturing company that made women's blouses. The bosses had locked the doors to ensure no one left work early, so many of the women workers died because they were trapped inside during the crisis or jumped out the window to escape and died from the fall. A horrific example of the terrible and inhumane conditions that many workers were subject to during this era.
what is THE TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE
Social Settlement founded by Jane Addams in Chicago. Offered job help, child care, meals, medicine, and more for the urban poor. Addams and her associates collected complaints from the people they helped and appealed to local governments.
what is HULL HOUSE
This political party emerged during this period and was made up of southern farmers who felt disillusioned with the industrial economy. Their Omaha Platform advocated for free silver (using silver to back gold money to increase money circulation), regulation of railroad companies, a secret ballot, and an eight hour work day.
what is THE POPULIST PARTY
These majority of these immigrants came from around the 1890s-1920s. They were usually Catholics with more radical political beliefs. They typically were very poor when they immigrated and came alone, they were unskilled workers. They were more reluctant to assimilate.
what is NEW IMMIGRANTS
Big Civil Rights advocate who called for immediate equality for African Americans. He criticized Booker T. Washington for being too "accommodating" to whites with his approach, which encouraged African Americans to get educated and join the workforce to gain equality. This person wanted a "talented tenth" of educated people to rise up and become advocates and leaders for African Americans.
what is W.E.B. DUBOIS
This was a large union welcome to all kinds of workers (skilled or unskilled). They were also open to women, African Americans, and immigrants. They advocated for higher wages, an eight hour work day, and an end to child labor. After anarchists (who were not involved) threw bombs during their Haymarket Riot, the union took the blame and were seen as anarchists and lost much of their power.
what is THE KNIGHTS OF LABOR
Organization that advocated for the prohibition of alcohol (first to do so). Under the leadership of Frances Willard, they also began to support prison reform, labor rights, and women's suffrage.
what is THE WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION
This Act was passed by progressives in congress and prohibits monopolies or trusts that limit competition in the economy. It was cited in cases like Standard Oil v. US, which ordered the break up of the huge Standard Oil Monopoly.
what is THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT
This act limited annual immigration from a certain country to no more than 3% of immigrants from that country that were already living in the U.S. as of a 1910 census.
what is THE QUOTA ACT OF 1921
what is EUGENE V. DEBS
This was the nickname for the press during this period, became very popular in New York. Reporters like this used exaggeration and crazy headlines to bring in readers. Writers like this saw themselves as helping champion people who had been wronged. This type of writing helped stir up pro-war sentiment for the Spanish-American War.
what is YELLOW JOURNALISM
Focus of the Third Great Awakening. One of its greatest advocates was beloved preacher Billy Graham. It encouraged Christians to fight against inequality that they witnessed, such as poverty, segregation, and poor working conditions.
what is THE SOCIAL GOSPEL
Created by senator and head of the progressive party Robert La Follette to amplify American democracy. He allowed for direct election of senators and gave people the power of recall (the power to remove an elected official from office before their term is over) and referendum (the ability to vote on a proposed law or idea). These ideas were adopted by other legislature and are still in use today.
what is THE WISCONSIN IDEA
These groups exemplified growing nativism during this period. On the west coast these people were frightened by the influx of Chinese immigrants during this period, and frequently rebelled through boycotts of Chinese goods or by terrorizing Chinese immigrants, like in the violent Rock Springs Massacre, which left over two dozen Chinese miners dead.
what is ANTI COOLIE CLUBS
what is JACOB RIIS
A proposed bill seeking to protect the rights of African Americans. Stated that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed, a federal bipartisan board could settle a dispute. Failed in congress, which was disappointing to progressives.
what is THE LODGE BILL
This was the name for the very popular idea that dictated women's role in society during this period. They were expected to remain a submissive and devoted wife and master all domestic tasks.
what is THE CULT OF DOMESTICITY
This was a supreme court case in which the "separate but equal" doctrine was upheld, thus sanctioning segregation. It would not be reversed until Brown v Board of Ed. in 1954.
what is PLESSY V FERGUSON