Colonial Comparison (2.2 & 2.3)
What were two shared interests or goals the European empires had coming to the Americas?
Gold (finding valuable metal/minerals) and glory (land and credibility for the motherland).
Economic policy designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy through imperialism/colonialism and high tariffs to discourage trade with other nations.
Mercantilism
What was the primary cause of conflict between the British and the Native Americans? How was this different from conflicts between the Spanish and the natives?
British conflict with the Native Americans was usually over the taking of land while the Spanish were more aggressive at enslaving or conquering the Native Americans.
In which of the British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700’s? (New England, Middle, Southern/Chesapeak)
All of them
The name of 1730s religious revival that came at a time when the idea of secular rationalism was being emphasized and passion for religion had grown stale.
The Great Awakening
What was one thing unique to each the Spanish, French, and the British colonies in the Americas?
Spanish: focused on religion, looking to conquer/convert the native Americans, especially brutal to the natives
French: focused on a mutually beneficial (fur) trade, worked cooperatively with native Americans, even married natives for economic alliances
British: the one group that really focused on settling and building a community, brought over many more families than the Spanish or French
Draw the transatlantic trade triangle and identify at least one good transported from Africa to North America, from North America to Europe, and from Europe to North America.
Africa to North America → Slaves
North America to Europe → raw materials, lumber, tobacco
Europe to North America → finished goods, luxury goods, finished metal goods, guns, horses
Three wars fought between settlers of the Virginia Colony and Algonquin Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in the early 1600s.
The Powhatan (or Anglo-Powhatan) Wars
Which colonies had greater numbers of slaves and why?
Chesapeake/southern colonies had a great climate for growing tobacco and other cash crops which were labor intensive.
The other name for the the great 'Age of Reason' – the period of rigorous scientific, political and philosophical discourse that spread through Europe (and the Americas) in the 1700s.
The (Age of) Enlightenment
These colonies grew prosperous exporting tobacco—a labor- intensive product initially cultivated by white, mostly male indentured servants and later by enslaved Africans.
Chesapeake, Carolina, or Southern
What was England's general approach for governing the colonies?
Salutary neglect: England left the colonies alone as long as they transported raw materials back to England
England often installed governors but would then let the colonists set up legislatures to govern themselves
British conflicts with American Indians over land, resources, and political boundaries led to this military confrontation that a long-standing alliance between the New England colonists and the natives
Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War
This system of slavery, which allowed people — considered legal property — to be bought, sold and owned forever.
Chattel slavery
Dissenters of the Church of England; focused on the power of local churches, following in example, personal interpretations of the bible, the New Testament; very simple and appealed to rural people
New Lights
This religious community settled the New England colonies, developed around small towns with family farms and achieved a thriving mixed economy of agriculture and commerce.
Puritans
What were two radical demographic shifts caused by Transatlantic trade?
Native American populations were decimated (destroyed)
African slaves were introduced into the colonies (and exploded in the Southern colonies)
More stable food supplies caused population growth in Europe
An 1676 armed rebellion held by Virginia settlers against Colonial Governor William Berkeley, after Berkeley refused to drive Native Americans out of Virginia.
Bacon's Rebellion
What were two ways that life became more challenging for African slaves in the 1700s?
→ Slavery shifted from temporary indentured servitude to permanent chattel slavery
→ British colonies passed new laws that prohibited interracial relationships, defined the descendants of African American mothers as black and enslaved in perpetuity, made it illegal to free African slaves, made it illegal for freed blacks to stay in certain colonies
→ Africans lost their power in the court system, black women had little to no power against white men in the court system
English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preached a doctrine of pacifism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania
Quakers
These colonies supported a flourishing export economy based on cereal crops and attracted a broad range of European migrants, leading to societies with greater cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity and tolerance.
Middle Colonies
These 1650 acts of Parliament intended to promote the self-sufficiency of the British Empire by restricting colonial trade to England and decreasing dependence on foreign imported goods.
Navigation Acts
This bloody Native American uprising result in the successful expulsion of Europeans from the upper Rio Grande region and the Spanish to be less aggressive and cruel and subjugating the Native Americans.
Pueblo Revolt
Considered the greatest slave revolt in the southern colonies, this 1739 South Carolina slave revolt resulted in 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed.
Stono Rebellion
Well-learned Puritan woman whose disagreements with the Church resulted in her banishment from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson