Imperialism
This pseudo-scientific theory applied the concept of "survival of the fittest" to human races to justify European subjugation of others.
What is Social Darwinism?
This term describes a situation where a state's economy is controlled by foreign business interests rather than direct political annexation
What is Economic Imperialism?
This catastrophic event in the 1840s caused by a potato blight led to mass starvation and the migration of millions of people to the United States.
What was the Irish Potato Famine?
Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British government ended the rule of this private company and took direct control of India.
What was the British East India Company?
This 1857 uprising was triggered when Indian soldiers (sepoys) were forced to use rifle cartridges greased with cow and pig fat.
What was the Indian Rebellion (or Sepoy Mutiny)?
Organized by Otto von Bismarck, this 1884–1885 meeting saw European powers divide Africa into colonies with artificial borders, notably excluding any African leaders.
What was the Berlin Conference?
Britain fought two wars against China to protect its right to sell this highly addictive substance in exchange for Chinese silver.
What is Opium?
The rising demand for raw materials led Europeans to shift colonial agriculture from subsistence farming to this type of production, often causing local food prices to rise
What are Cash Crops?
As slavery was slowly abolished across the globe, empires increasingly turned to this form of labor, where workers signed contracts to work for a set number of years.
What is Indentured Servitude?
Native Americans practiced this spiritual ritual in the late 1800s, believing it would cause their ancestors to return and drive out white settlers.
What was the Ghost Dance?
This European monarch ruled the Congo Free State as his own personal property, overseeing brutal labor practices and human rights abuses for rubber extraction.
Who was King Leopold II?
These "waste products" from seabirds and bats became a massive export from Peru and Chile because they were highly valued as industrial-strength fertilizer.
What is Guano?
Because most migrants in the 19th century were male, this was a major social effect on the women who remained in their home societies.
What is gaining greater autonomy and authority?
This major shift occurred when European powers moved from simply controlling coastal trading posts to exerting control over large inland territories
What is the shift from Trading Post Empires to Territorial Empires?
In South Africa, this movement involved the destruction of local food sources in the belief that it would bring about a supernatural removal of British colonists.
What was the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement?
Unlike many other Asian states, this nation avoided colonization by industrializing rapidly and establishing its own empire in Korea and Taiwan to gain resources.
What is Japan?
This term was used to describe Central American nations like Guatemala, where the United Fruit Company exerted massive political and economic influence
What is a Banana Republic?
Neighborhoods like Chinatown or "Little Italy" are examples of these, where immigrants lived together and maintained their cultural traditions in a new land.
What are ethnic enclaves?
Many Indian migrants in the Caribbean experienced this major social change, as the conditions of life abroad made it impossible to maintain traditional social hierarchies.
What is the abandonment of the Caste System?
This descendant of Incan royalty led the last major indigenous revolt against Spanish rule in Peru before being captured and executed.
Who was Tupac Amaru II?
This specific type of colony, such as Algeria for France or Australia for Britain, was established specifically for the purpose of large-scale European migration and permanent residence.
What is a settler colony?
In the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), this labor system forced native farmers to choose between growing cash crops for export or performing corvee labor.
What was the Culture System?
This 1882 U.S. law was a direct result of nativist racism following the influx of laborers who came to work on the railroads and in mines.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
Many colonies were forced to shift to this type of agriculture by mother countries.
What is a monoculture?
This final conflict between the British and the Asante Empire was sparked when a British governor demanded to sit on a sacred object of leadership
What was the War of the Golden Stool (or Yaa Asantewaa War)?