Unit 1
What were the three types of Buddhism?
Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan.
Which development led to the expansion of trade between Asia and Europe?
The conquest by Mongols. This led to improved trade routes and reduced trading costs.
What is a gunpowder empire?
Large, multiethnic states in Southwest, Central, and South Asia that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories. (ex. Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires)
What technological innovation improved deep water navigation?
Lanteen sails
What was the enlightenment?
As empires were expanding, intellectuals in the 17th and 18th centuries began to emphasize reason over tradition and religion. Traditional religion did not disappear, it just became less pervasive.
What was the House of Wisdom?
Learning center located in Baghdad that helped transfer knowledge throughout Afro-Eurasia.
Who was Genghis Khan?
Ruler of the Mongol Empire who conquered the most land in the shortest amount of time. He was known for outstanding military tactics that conquered many.
Why is Iran and Turkey often political rivals even today? This is based on historical conflicts over...?
How to practice Islam correctly
Who was credited for discovering the "New World" in 1492?
Christopher Columbus
Which revolution addressed the unequal fairness of economic opportunity and resources?
Haitian Revolution
The Incan civilization was described as the "greatest empire on earth," because...?
They conquered many empires including the Aztecs. The Aztecs were very powerful and had many technological advancements.
The coastal cities of Africa often exported...?
Enslaved people, ivory, and gold.
What was the divine right of kings?
A common claim from the Middle Ages that the right to rule was given by God. Under this belief, a king was a political and religious authority.
Why did Portugal establish a trading post empire?
It had enough people and power to maintain trading posts rather than having a large empire.
What was the Transcontinental Railroad?
A railroad that connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans that facilitated U.S industrial growth.
Who was the founder of Islam?
Muhammad
What was the trans-Saharan trade?
A trading route that expanded across the Sahara which resulted in the development of trading techniques, religions, and products.
What did Martin Luther post on the church to show that the church's practices were violating the Bible?
95 theses.
What were the negative effects of the Columbian Exchange?
Diseases (small pox, syphilis, measles, influenza, etc.), slave trade, overgrazing, soil erosion, and deculturalization of native people.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
The period (1750-1900) where new technologies were reshaping societies and economies.
Describe one way the spread of Buddhism led Chinese culture to change during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.
One way the spread of Buddhism led Chinese culture to change is because people started to lean away from Confucianism and Daoism. This meant that people were becoming more open to other religions and the culture was changing. According to the AMSCO book, Buddhism came to China from India (Silk Roads) where it originated. In the 7th century, a Buddhist monk named Xuanzang helped build Buddhism's popularity in China. There were 3 types of Buddhism that came to China. Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan. People quickly converted to Buddhism because it focused on meditation rather than scripture learning. This new way of thinking changed Chinese culture dramatically.
Explain one similarity between trans-Saharan trade and trade on the Silk Roads in Asia.
One similarity between the trans-Saharan and Silk Road trade routes is the harsh desert conditions. According to the AMSCO book, the trans-Saharan trade route went through the Sahara Desert which was an immense desert occupying 3.6 million square miles. This desert was also similar to the Tarim Basin. (Silk Road) This was also an arid travel route that had an outpost. Because of the new technologies being produced from the trade, people were able to travel through these harsh environments and exchange goods. This made the trans-Saharan trade route similar to the Silk Road.
Explain one reason the Gunpowder Empires rose during the period 1450-1750.
One reason why the Gunpowder Empires rose was because of their firearm and cannon advancements. These types of empires were successful because of their incredible weapon advances. They used their weapons to conquer and control territories. According to the AMSCO book, Gunpowder Empires arose because of gunpowder that was being traded via the trade routes. Empires used this to their advantage to conquer. Overall, it was successful. The Gunpowder Empires' success heavily relied on the militaristic strategies and artillery that they had.
Explain one way in which disease transformed the Americas, Africa, and Europe in the period c. 1450-c. 1750.
One way disease transformed the Americas, Africa, and Europe is by declining populations. For example, when the Europeans came to the "New World," the brought diseases like smallpox and measles with them. These diseases wiped out nearly 90% of the Native populations. Another instance where diseases declined population numbers is when slaves were being transported to new places. The slaves were closely packed into ships and diseases were transferred. This killed hundreds of slaves before they even arrived to their destination. The reason why diseases were wiping out populations was because the native people had no immunity. This meant that explorers could conquer them easily.
Explain one way technology affected communication in the period 1750-1900.
Technology allowed a more effective and efficient way of communicating. For example, the telephone and radio made ways of communication much easier. The reason why communication was easier was because the transmission of sound was transferred over long distances. Technology eventually became more reliable and better developed. This resulted in an easier way to communicate over long distances.