Empires Expand
Large, multiethnic states in Southwest, Central, and South Asia that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories.
What are gunpowder empires?
Extending into modern-day Turkey as well as to the Balkan areas of Europe and parts of North AFrica and Southeast Asia, this was the largest and most enduring of the great Islamic empires of this period.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
England's Queen Elizabeth and France's King Louis XIV believed in this, a common claim from the Middle Ages that the right to rule was given to a king by God.
What is the divine right of kings?
The sale of these granted a person absolution from the punishments of sin.
The monk who sparked the Reformation of the Catholic Church
Who is Martin Luther?
Name at least 2 examples of architecture which flexed the power of Gunpowder Empires--also state empire they were connected to.
Ottoman Empire--suleymaniye mosque, Topkapi palace, Hagia Sophia
Mughal Empire--Taj Mahal, Red Fort
Safavid Empire--Ali Qapu Palace; Isfahan
In the Ming Dynasty, this ruler was famous for creating a highly centralized government, an enormous encyclopedia which retold the history of China, and he sponsored Zheng He's expeditions.
Emperor Yongle
In what year did Mehmed II sack Constantinople?
1453
Crowned tsar in 1547, he immediately set about to expand the Russian border eastward, first by taking control of the khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia held by the descendents of the Golden Horde, the Mongolian Empire. He also established autocratic control by purging the nobles and implementing a secret police known as the Ophrichnina.
Who was Ivan IV?
Ruling from 1451 to 1481, he firmly established the empire's capital after his forces besieged Constantinople in 1453.
Who was Mehmed II?
These were royal officials -- bureaucratic elites -- sent out to the provinces of France to execute the orders of the central government.
What were intendants or tax farmers?
These were three of the main protestant sects formed during the Reformation.
What were Lutheranism, Calvinism and Anglicanism?
This final great religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants, lasting from 1618 to 1648, led to economic catastrophe for most of the continent. It was initially the result of religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire, but gradually developed into a more general conflict involving European powers. Much of the destruction was caused by troops who were allowed to loot as part of their compensation. It resulted in widespread famine, starvation, and disease.
What was the Thirty Years' War?
Name at least 2 examples of monumental architecture in China or Europe that flexed their power? Tell us where the architecture is found.,
China: Forbidden Palace, Temple of Heaven
Europe: Palace of Versailles (France), Westminster Abbey. Parliament(England)
This man was responsible for getting rid of feudalism in Japan and ushering in a 250 period of cultural and political achievements?
Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu
In what year did the Glorious Revolution occur in England?
1689
Overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and managed to stabilize the East Asian region for nearly 300 years.
What was the Ming Dynasty?
He presided over the Safavid Empire at its height. His troops included soldiers -- often Christian boys pressed into service -- from as far northwest as Georgia in Russia. He imported weaponry from Europe and also relied on Europeans to advise his troops about this newly acquired military technology.
Who was Shah Abbas I or Abbas the Great?
This noble landowning class stood at the top of the social pyramid in Russia. Below them were the merchants. Last and most numerous were the peasants, who would gradually sink more and more deeply into debt and, as a result, into serfdom.
Who were the boyars?
This peace agreement that ended the 30 years war that allowed each area of the Holy Roman Empire to choose whether its ruler would be Catholic, Calvinist or Lutheran. As a result, churches and inhabitants were forced to practice the state religion.
What was the Peace of Westphalia?
The Catholic church increased the use of this during the Counter-Reformation. It had been established in the late 12th century to root out and punish non-believers. It sometimes allowed the sue of torture to achieve its ends.
What was the Inquisition?
The special name given to the ruler in the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, and Russian Empire. (Hint they are all different).
Ottoman Empire = sultan, Safavid Empire = shah, and Russian Empire = czar
This ruler is known for ruling the Ottoman's at the peak of their empire. He was known as the "law giver" and was instrumental in creating many pieces of monumental architecture.
Who was Sulieman I?
One of China's longest-reigning emperors (1661-1722), he presided over a period of stability and expansion during the Quing Dynasty in China. He sent forces int Taiwan, Mongolia and Central Asia, incorporating those areas into the empire.
Who was Emperor Kangxi?
A descendant of Tamerlane, he founded a 300 year dynasty during a time when India was in disarray. He completed conquests in northern India and, under the new Mughal name, formed a central government similar to that of Suleiman in Turkey.
Who was Babur?
The Ottoman sultans used this selection system to staff their military and their government. This system began in the late 14th century and expanded in the 15th and 16th centuries. Through it, Christian boys who were subjects of the empire were recruited by force to serve in the Ottoman government.
What was devshirme?
The strict Islamic legal system that deals with all aspects of life such as criminal justice, marital laws, and issues of inheritance.
What is shariah law?
The Mughal ruler, Akbar, established an efficient government and a system of fairly administered laws. These paid government officials were in charge of specific duties, such as taxation, construction and the water supply.
What were zamindars?
This European author wrote a book that talked about the leader needing to be ruthless and strong so that the people wouldn't rebel and would be good subjects.
Nicholas Macchiavelli
This czar strengthened the autocracy in Russia by implementing a secret police, repressing the boyars, and holding public executions.
Ivan IV or Ivan the Terrible
The Eurasian steppes were the birthplace of this -- a model for warrior life that blended the cooperative values of nomadic culture with the willingness to serve as a holy fighter for Islam.
What is the ghazi ideal?
The elite military of the Ottoman Empire was called this.
What was the Janissaries?
Military leaders called shoguns ruled Japan in the emperor's name from the 12th to the 15th centuries. However, conflict between these landholding aristocrats left Japan in disarray. Each had an army of warriors known as samurai, ambition to conquer more territory, and power to rule his fiefdoms as he saw fit. This class was referred to as the ____.
What were daimyo?
This religion developed from Hinduism and may have been influenced by the Islamic mysticism known as Sufism. It is a monotheistic faith that recognizes the rights of other faiths to exist and became the fifth most popular religion in the world by the 21st century.
What is Sikhism?
This event ushered in the beginnings of democracy in England as the monarch lost absolute power and was confined by the constitution.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
This Mughal leader was very conservative and frugal while trying to expand his empire South. Some may say he was intolerant to other religions.
Who is Aurangzeb?
This Cardinal ruled along side the young Louis XIII for about 18 years, helping Louis consolidate power and create a tax collection system.
Cardinal Richelieu