Motivations and Effects of Exploration
The Columbian Exchange
Building and Maintaining an Empire
Economics
Misc
100
This invention from East Asia gave Portuguese sailors the ability to "find their way" into the IOTN
What is the compass?
100
The definition of the Columbian Exchange
What is the exchange of plants, animals, diseases and people between Africa, Europe, and the Americas?
100
This tech savvy advantage enabled the Spaniards to overtake the larger Aztec forces
What is a musket/rifle/gun?
100
These three "OG's" provided the motivation for Europeans to go out and explore from 1450-1750
What is gold, glory, and God
200
He built the School of Navigation, and also created the caravel, which enabled Portugal to explore the IOTN
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
200
Leading to 50-90% decline in Native American population, this diminutive disease from Europe decimated American society
What is small pox?
200
In order to populate the "New World" as the Spanish called it, the Crown offered these to encourage Spaniards to move across the Atlantic (hint: its involves forced labor)
What is an encomienda?
200
This South American and Caribbean based crop really helped Spain and Portugal maintain the sweet life
What is sugar?
300
This image, from Africa, BEST represents which religious concept we've discussed in class
What is religious/cultural syncretism
300
One of the reasons that African tribes participated in the Atlantic Slave Trade
What is:
- to obtain guns
- to weaken rival tribes
- to gain more land and power in Africa
300
While African kingdoms did benefit from selling slaves, the overall long-term effect of the slave trade on Africa was this
What is destabilizing/weakening Africa?
300
Wanting to gain as much wealth for the mother country, in terms of maximizing exports and minimizing imports of finished products, is the key concept of which economic system?
What is mercantilism?
300
This is how trade changed during the period from 1450-1750 (how it was different from trade prior to this time period)
What is that trade now included the eastern and western hemisphered (included the Americas)
400
The two MAIN ways Portugal was able to take control over Indian Ocean trading
What is using canons on ships and forcing merchants to purchase the Cartaz in order to trade in Portugese ports
400
"their swords were iron… And their deer that carried them were as tall as the roof" refers to which animal brought to the Americas from Europe?
What is a horse?
400
As a result of Europeans gaining access to the IOTN, and trying to promote Christianity, China and Japan attempted to do this, in order to prevent Europeans from taking over their empires
What is limit trade/limit foreign interactions/create trade systems that only allowed some groups in
400
This type of labor ___________ remained a constant in the Americas from 1450-1750, however, the ____________ of the laborers changed
Forced/Coerced
Ethnicity/Race
400
The Jamaican Maroon Society's forcing a peace treaty on the British and Queen Ana Nzinga's resistance to the Portuguese suggests that...
Some efforts to resist the expansion of state power could be successful, at least in the medium term.
500
This is the key difference between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish empire from 1450-1750?
What is the Portuguese Empire was a trading post empire (only focused on controlling trade, not colonizing) and the Spanish empire was focused on colonizing
500
While food from the CE led to a decrease in ________________ population in the Americas, it led to an increase in population in _____________ as a result of this crop _____________
Native American
Europe
Potatoes
500
As more and more people came to the Americas, a new social hierarchy was created. Name the top 4 groups (name the group and the people that were in each group)
What is
Peninsulares (Europeans born in Europe)
Creoles (Europeans born in the Americas)
Mestizos (European/Native American descent)
Mulattos (European/African descent)
(Africans/Native Americas were used for forced labor)
500
The FOUR major labor systems used in the Americas
What is
- Indentured Servitude
- Encomienda, Hacienda
- Mita
- Slavery (Chattel)
500
While the Ming voyages' main goal was to __________ on______________, Spanish voyages' primary goal was to___________
What is show China's greatness/build diplomacy....find an alternate route to the Asian Spice trade/gain wealth