Motives
Name at least two resources European powers sought in nations overseas in the 19th century
Rubber, palm oil, cotton, manganese, copper, diamonds
The rapid invasion, colonization, and partitioning of the African continent by competing European powers during the late 19th century
Scramble for Africa
What political/economic development did Great Britain want to control in Egypt?
The Suez Canal
What economic/political interest did the US have in Panama?
Panama canal would allow warships to move from Atlantic to Pacific quickly and it would help cut shipping time and cost of imports/exports
Some were forced to migrate for work in the form of convict labor to work on infrastructure projects like roads and railways. What colony is an example of this?
Australia
the concept that Western nations could bring "advanced" science and economic development to non-Western parts of the world that justified imperial administration; included notion that colonialism was a duty for Europeans and a benefit for the colonized
Civilizing Mission
Name & place of the governor of the Congo Free State who authorized private companies to cruely force villagers to collect rubber in the forest; his rule was violent over the Congolese where those who did not meet their rubber quotas could be punished by having a limb severed
Leopold II of Belgium
Which country did Japan practice imperialism in as they become a growing industrialized power?
Korea
What did imperial countries like the United States and Great Britain invest in in South American countries such as Argentina?
Railroads, mining, meatpacking
A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area; a result of migration movements driven by industrialization
Ethnic Enclave
Name one political motive for European imperialism
Gain power by expanding territory, increase national pride or security, to stop other nations from expanding
British entrepreneur and politician Cecil Rhodes was involved in the expansion of the British Empire from South Africa into Central Africa; what was his main interest in these areas?
Diamond mining
The United States occupied Hawai'i to control economic interests over what two types of crop plantations?
Sugarcane and fruit
What did America's Monroe Doctrine in 1823 say?
European intervention on the Western hemisphere was no longer welcome (US has the right to practice imperialism here first)
What were two push factors that caused Irish immigration to the United States?
Potato famine & being discriminated against socially and economically by the British
The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their racism and imperialist expansion
Social Darwinism
Name one place in Africa that became a settler colony as a result of European imperialism
British South Africa or French Algeria
Once power in India shifted from the British East India Co. to British government control, how did Britain attempt to "westernize" or "modernize" India for their benefit/profit?
They invested in infrastructure projects (like railroads, telegraphs and irrigation systems) to further support commerce and governance
They encouraged farmers to grow cash crops for export (opium, tea, sugar, cotton)
They established universities to introduce western education and create a class of professionals to serve in the bureaucracy
Explain one example of resistance to imperial forces in the Americas
Creation of Cherokee Nation - assimilation/adopted Western constitution and customs
Ghost Dance - ceremonial dance where doing the dance would return their ancestral dead and drive the white men off their land
Tupac Amaru II of Peru - He arrested one of the colonial leaders and charged him with cruelty and when the Spanish retaliated, a rebellion of the natives spread in Peru
Where in South America saw a large influx of Italian immigration, influencing parts of their culture through language and cuisine?
Brazil & Argentina
What main economic reason BESIDES extracting raw materials using cheap labor, was a motive for imperialism
Having new markets to sell finished products to in the colonies
How did the Xhosa of South Africa resist imperial intrusion?
They killed their cattle believing it would drive Europeans off their lands
Describe the Opium Wars between Great Britain and Qing China. Include why it started, what happened, and how it ended.
How it started: Britain smuggled Opium into China to help restore their silver because trade with China had become an unfavorable balance for them
What happened: China tried to ban Opium which lead to the Opium Wars, where British had a considerable military advantage
How it ended: British forced China to sign Treaty of Nanking which forced the Chinese to pay for British losses during the war, denied the Qing government tariff control over some of its own borders, opened additional ports of residence to the British, and ceded the island of Hong Kong to Britain
What does "Banana republic" refer to?
*Not the clothing brand :)
a small country (especially in Central America) that is politically unstable and whose economy is dominated by foreign companies and depends on one export (such as bananas) - dominated mostly by the US
Name one of the immigration restriction policies that was placed on Chinese immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 - This law banned nearly all immigrants from China into the United States
Australian Chinese Immigrant Restrict Act of 1901 - Put a $10 tax on all Chinese residents & limited the number of Chinese persons brought into the country on ships by limiting the weight that Chinese passengers could take