Early Stages of Imperialism
Why did Europeans depend on imperialism in other parts of the world?
They required raw materials for the development of industrial economies
What was the name of the European quest to conquer Africa?
Scramble for Africa
What was the name of the rebellion of Indians against the British and what was its outcome?
Sepoy Rebellion (1857), Led to collapse of Mughal Empire
Which East Asian country successfully resisted imperialism by becoming an imperial power itself?
What led to the decline of the Gunpowder Empires (Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal) during the age of imperialism?
Failure to modernize and inability to compete with Europeans
What country did most European and Asian migrants move to during the age of imperialism?
USA
What is the famous saying about the British during this time period?
The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire
How did Europeans use religion to justify imperialism?
Spreading Christianity and "civilization"
What was the name of the conference that Europeans attended to decide on the fate of Africa?
Berlin Conference
What country colonized Indochina (Vietnam) during this time?
France
What event signalled the end of China's economic independence in the nineteenth century?
British Opium Wars
How did receiving countries respond to waves of migrants that moved in response to imperialism?
Attempts to ban migrants and xenophobia (Chinese Exclusion Act in US and White Australia)
Why did most immigrants leave their homelands and what gender were the vast majority of them?
Mostly men seeking work in big cities (left rural, agricultural areas for factory work)
How did European imperialism begin in Africa, India, and China?
Small military and trading posts along coastlines
How did technology affect European expansion in Africa?
New military technologies led to ability to conquer easier
Identify ONE continuity in the political systems of South or Southeast Asia in the period 1750–1900
Europeans continued to challenge state power of local rulers; British East India company ruled instead of British crown; Native rulers cooperated with Europeans
What was the political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan and began the process of modernizing the country?
Meiji Restoration
How did colonized societies respond to imperialism violently AND give an example?
· Colonized societies frequently responded to European imperialism by launching armed rebellions (i.e. Sepoy Rebellion in India); · Many rebellions against colonial rule were influenced by local religious movements, such as the Mahdist rebellion in Sudan
How did technology influence global migration patterns in the nineteenth century?
The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation allowed more people to search for work in other parts of the world
What scientific theory did Europeans hijack to justify their imperialism?
Darwin's Survival of the Fittest (From Origin of Species)
What were THREE materials wanted from Africa during this NEW era of imperialism?
Palm oil, rubber, gold, ivory, and diamonds
Identify ONE change in the political systems of South or Southeast Asia in the period 1750–1900
Mughal empire collapsed; French conquered Indochina (Vietnam); British crown took DIRECT control over India
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
Chinese revolt against Western influence. Boxers killed Chinese Christians and foreigners
How did colonized societies respond to imperialism NON-violently AND give an example?
Colonial peoples often responded to imperialism by forming nationalist movements, such as the Indian National Congress, to argue for reforms and self-determination; Sometimes colonized peoples created new states on the periphery of European colonial empires.
How did global migration patterns following the age of imperialism influence gender roles in HOME countries?
Women began taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men
If SUGAR was the main cash crop of the age of colonization, what was the major cash crop of the age of imperialism?
COTTON!!!
What was a major internal social effect of the Scramble for Africa on African nations?
Ethnic groups in Africa began in-fighting in response to European control (i.e. Apartheid in South Africa)
What were the names of the TWO major European corporations responsible for imperialism in SE Asia?
East India Company (EIC) and the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
What is ONE similarity and ONE difference between China & Japan during this time period?
SIMILAR: Both initially resist Westernization and imperialism. DIFFERENCE: China was taken down because of its failure to adapt, while Japan modernized and became a major power.
How did Russia respond to the growth of European states?
Country attempted to modernize by establishing Trans-Siberian Railroad and abolishing serfdom
How did mass migration affect the development of cities in RECEIVING countries?
Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies (urban enclaves)