Rationales for Imperialism
a period of scientific and technological development in the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies—especially in Europe and North America—into urban ones.
Industrialization
A period marked by rapid colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers. Intense imperial competition driven by economic, political, and social factors.
Scramble for Africa
The Japanese political revolution in 1868 that brought about the final demise of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Meiji Restoration
These technological advancements made it possible for millions of people to move across continents and oceans in search of better opportunities, contributing to the massive waves of migration characteristic of this era.
Steamships & Railways
Refers to the belief that a particular nation or ethnic group has a unique identity and is entitled to self-rule or self-determination.
Nationalism
A significant waterway in Egypt that led to European nations such as Britain and France fighting over control, ultimately leading to the Anglo-Egyptian war in the late 1800's.
Suez Canal
These two African nations were the only nations to retain their independence from Europeans?
Ethiopia and Liberia
Conditions that drive people to leave their home country or region and factors that compel individuals to seek better opportunities or safety elsewhere.
push and pull factors
“survival of the fittest”—the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better where the theory of evolution by natural selection was used to justify certain political, social, or economic views.
Social Darwinism
The use of economic power to exert control over other countries, regions, or peoples. This can take many forms, including the control of natural resources, the manipulation of trade and investment, and the exploitation of labor and markets.
Economic Imperialism
After the French and Indian War, this act reserved land between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River for Native Americans
Proclamation of 1763
Geographically defined areas within host countries, predominantly inhabited by a single group of people. Usually in urban settings where migrants settle among their compatriots to form a community that mirrors the cultural, social, and economic practices of their homeland.
Ethnic Enclaves
The idea that white Americans were divinely ordained to settle the entire continent of North America.
Manifest Destiny
a significant diplomatic event organized by King Leopold II. Major European powers, including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, and Italy, were present, but no African rulers or representatives were invited.
Berlin Conference
An African Muslim reformer, military leader, and the founder of the Wassoulou Empire. Known as a brutal yet gifted commander who led his people in strong resistance to French expansionism in West Africa in the 1880s.
Samory Tourè
Formally, Immigration Act of 1882, was a U.S. federal law that was the first and only major federal legislation to explicitly suspend immigration for a specific nationality.
Chinese Exclusion Act
A diplomatic term used to describe the region over which an external group has power or authority in a foreign territory.
Sphere of Influence
A colonizing country sends a significant number of its nationals to inhabit the land and maintain political control over it. An example would be "French Algeria"
Settler Colony
Ghost Dance
A form of labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years. May be entered voluntarily for debt repayment, or imposed involuntarily as punishment.
Indentured Servitude